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Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Mg-based biodegradable materials, used for medical applications, have been extensively studied in the past decades. The in vitro cytocompatibility study showed that the proliferation and viability (as assessed by quantitative MTT-assay—3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) we...

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Autores principales: Munteanu, Corneliu, Vlad, Daniela Maria, Sindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel, Istrate, Bogdan, Butnaru, Maria, Pasca, Sorin Aurelian, Nastasa, Roxana Oana, Mihai, Iuliana, Burlea, Stefan-Lucian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885417
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237262
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author Munteanu, Corneliu
Vlad, Daniela Maria
Sindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel
Istrate, Bogdan
Butnaru, Maria
Pasca, Sorin Aurelian
Nastasa, Roxana Oana
Mihai, Iuliana
Burlea, Stefan-Lucian
author_facet Munteanu, Corneliu
Vlad, Daniela Maria
Sindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel
Istrate, Bogdan
Butnaru, Maria
Pasca, Sorin Aurelian
Nastasa, Roxana Oana
Mihai, Iuliana
Burlea, Stefan-Lucian
author_sort Munteanu, Corneliu
collection PubMed
description Mg-based biodegradable materials, used for medical applications, have been extensively studied in the past decades. The in vitro cytocompatibility study showed that the proliferation and viability (as assessed by quantitative MTT-assay—3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were not negatively affected with time by the addition of Mn as an alloying element. In this sense, it should be put forward that the studied alloys don’t have a cytotoxic effect according to the standard ISO 10993-5, i.e., the level of the cells’ viability (cultured with the studied experimental alloys) attained both after 1 day and 5 days was over 82% (i.e., 82, 43–89, 65%). Furthermore, the fibroblastic cells showed variable morphology (evidenced by fluorescence microscopy) related to the alloy sample’s proximity (i.e., related to the variation on the Ca, Mg, and Mn ionic concentration as a result of alloy degradation). It should be mentioned that the cells presented a polygonal morphology with large cytoplasmic processes in the vicinity of the alloy’s samples, and a bipolar morphology in the remote region of the wells. Moreover, the in vitro results seem to indicate that only 0.5% Mn is sufficient to improve the chemical stability, and thus the cytocompatibility; from this point of view, it could provide some flexibility in choosing the right alloy for a specific medical application, depending on the specific parameters of each alloy, such as its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In order to assess the in vivo compatibility of each concentration of alloy, the pieces were implanted in four rats, in two distinct body regions, i.e., the lumbar and thigh. The body’s reaction was followed over time, 60 days, both by general clinical examinations considering macroscopic changes, and by laboratory examinations, which revealed macroscopic and microscopic changes using X-rays, CT(Computed Tomography), histology exams and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). In both anatomical regions, for each of the tested alloys, deformations were observed, i.e., a local reaction of different intensities, starting the day after surgery. The release of hydrogen gas that forms during Mg alloy degradation occurred immediately after implantation in all five of the groups examined, which did not affect the normal functionality of the tissues surrounding the implants. Imaging examinations (radiological and CT) revealed the presence of the alloy and the volume of hydrogen gas in the lumbar and femoral region in varying amounts. The biodegradable alloys in the Mg-Ca-Mn system have great potential to be used in orthopedic applications.
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spelling pubmed-86583332021-12-10 Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study Munteanu, Corneliu Vlad, Daniela Maria Sindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel Istrate, Bogdan Butnaru, Maria Pasca, Sorin Aurelian Nastasa, Roxana Oana Mihai, Iuliana Burlea, Stefan-Lucian Materials (Basel) Article Mg-based biodegradable materials, used for medical applications, have been extensively studied in the past decades. The in vitro cytocompatibility study showed that the proliferation and viability (as assessed by quantitative MTT-assay—3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were not negatively affected with time by the addition of Mn as an alloying element. In this sense, it should be put forward that the studied alloys don’t have a cytotoxic effect according to the standard ISO 10993-5, i.e., the level of the cells’ viability (cultured with the studied experimental alloys) attained both after 1 day and 5 days was over 82% (i.e., 82, 43–89, 65%). Furthermore, the fibroblastic cells showed variable morphology (evidenced by fluorescence microscopy) related to the alloy sample’s proximity (i.e., related to the variation on the Ca, Mg, and Mn ionic concentration as a result of alloy degradation). It should be mentioned that the cells presented a polygonal morphology with large cytoplasmic processes in the vicinity of the alloy’s samples, and a bipolar morphology in the remote region of the wells. Moreover, the in vitro results seem to indicate that only 0.5% Mn is sufficient to improve the chemical stability, and thus the cytocompatibility; from this point of view, it could provide some flexibility in choosing the right alloy for a specific medical application, depending on the specific parameters of each alloy, such as its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In order to assess the in vivo compatibility of each concentration of alloy, the pieces were implanted in four rats, in two distinct body regions, i.e., the lumbar and thigh. The body’s reaction was followed over time, 60 days, both by general clinical examinations considering macroscopic changes, and by laboratory examinations, which revealed macroscopic and microscopic changes using X-rays, CT(Computed Tomography), histology exams and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). In both anatomical regions, for each of the tested alloys, deformations were observed, i.e., a local reaction of different intensities, starting the day after surgery. The release of hydrogen gas that forms during Mg alloy degradation occurred immediately after implantation in all five of the groups examined, which did not affect the normal functionality of the tissues surrounding the implants. Imaging examinations (radiological and CT) revealed the presence of the alloy and the volume of hydrogen gas in the lumbar and femoral region in varying amounts. The biodegradable alloys in the Mg-Ca-Mn system have great potential to be used in orthopedic applications. MDPI 2021-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8658333/ /pubmed/34885417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237262 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Munteanu, Corneliu
Vlad, Daniela Maria
Sindilar, Eusebiu-Viorel
Istrate, Bogdan
Butnaru, Maria
Pasca, Sorin Aurelian
Nastasa, Roxana Oana
Mihai, Iuliana
Burlea, Stefan-Lucian
Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
title Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
title_full Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
title_fullStr Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
title_full_unstemmed Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
title_short Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
title_sort novel mg-0.5ca-xmn biodegradable alloys intended for orthopedic application: an in vitro and in vivo study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885417
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237262
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