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Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air

Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM—including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is...

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Autores principales: Santos, Sergio, Olukan, Tuza A., Lai, Chia-Yun, Chiesa, Matteo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885666
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237083
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author Santos, Sergio
Olukan, Tuza A.
Lai, Chia-Yun
Chiesa, Matteo
author_facet Santos, Sergio
Olukan, Tuza A.
Lai, Chia-Yun
Chiesa, Matteo
author_sort Santos, Sergio
collection PubMed
description Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM—including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is possible to fully immerse a sharp tip under the hydration layer and image with amplitudes similar to or smaller than the height of the hydration layer, i.e., ~1 nm. When mica or HOPG surfaces are only cleaved, molecules adhere to their surfaces, and reaching a thermodynamically stable state for imaging might take hours. During these first hours, different possibilities for imaging emerge and change, implying that these conditions must be considered and reported when imaging.
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spelling pubmed-86588012021-12-10 Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air Santos, Sergio Olukan, Tuza A. Lai, Chia-Yun Chiesa, Matteo Molecules Article Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM—including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is possible to fully immerse a sharp tip under the hydration layer and image with amplitudes similar to or smaller than the height of the hydration layer, i.e., ~1 nm. When mica or HOPG surfaces are only cleaved, molecules adhere to their surfaces, and reaching a thermodynamically stable state for imaging might take hours. During these first hours, different possibilities for imaging emerge and change, implying that these conditions must be considered and reported when imaging. MDPI 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8658801/ /pubmed/34885666 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237083 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Santos, Sergio
Olukan, Tuza A.
Lai, Chia-Yun
Chiesa, Matteo
Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air
title Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air
title_full Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air
title_fullStr Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air
title_full_unstemmed Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air
title_short Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air
title_sort hydration dynamics and the future of small-amplitude afm imaging in air
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885666
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237083
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