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Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air
Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM—including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885666 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237083 |
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author | Santos, Sergio Olukan, Tuza A. Lai, Chia-Yun Chiesa, Matteo |
author_facet | Santos, Sergio Olukan, Tuza A. Lai, Chia-Yun Chiesa, Matteo |
author_sort | Santos, Sergio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM—including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is possible to fully immerse a sharp tip under the hydration layer and image with amplitudes similar to or smaller than the height of the hydration layer, i.e., ~1 nm. When mica or HOPG surfaces are only cleaved, molecules adhere to their surfaces, and reaching a thermodynamically stable state for imaging might take hours. During these first hours, different possibilities for imaging emerge and change, implying that these conditions must be considered and reported when imaging. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8658801 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86588012021-12-10 Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air Santos, Sergio Olukan, Tuza A. Lai, Chia-Yun Chiesa, Matteo Molecules Article Here, we discuss the effects that the dynamics of the hydration layer and other variables, such as the tip radius, have on the availability of imaging regimes in dynamic AFM—including multifrequency AFM. Since small amplitudes are required for high-resolution imaging, we focus on these cases. It is possible to fully immerse a sharp tip under the hydration layer and image with amplitudes similar to or smaller than the height of the hydration layer, i.e., ~1 nm. When mica or HOPG surfaces are only cleaved, molecules adhere to their surfaces, and reaching a thermodynamically stable state for imaging might take hours. During these first hours, different possibilities for imaging emerge and change, implying that these conditions must be considered and reported when imaging. MDPI 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8658801/ /pubmed/34885666 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237083 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Santos, Sergio Olukan, Tuza A. Lai, Chia-Yun Chiesa, Matteo Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air |
title | Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air |
title_full | Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air |
title_fullStr | Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air |
title_full_unstemmed | Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air |
title_short | Hydration Dynamics and the Future of Small-Amplitude AFM Imaging in Air |
title_sort | hydration dynamics and the future of small-amplitude afm imaging in air |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885666 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237083 |
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