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The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures
A new way to reduce the energy consumption during the operation of powerful aluminum reduction cells is suggested via reducing the resistance of the electrolyte, i.e., increasing its electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF(3)-CaF(2)-Al(2)O(3) with cry...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885572 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237419 |
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author | Arkhipov, Pavel Tkacheva, Olga |
author_facet | Arkhipov, Pavel Tkacheva, Olga |
author_sort | Arkhipov, Pavel |
collection | PubMed |
description | A new way to reduce the energy consumption during the operation of powerful aluminum reduction cells is suggested via reducing the resistance of the electrolyte, i.e., increasing its electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF(3)-CaF(2)-Al(2)O(3) with cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.1–3.0 and content of CaF(2) and Al(2)O(3), up to 8 wt%, was measured at the temperatures from liquidus to 1300 K. Based on the experimental results, a multifunctional equation for the electrical conductivity of oxide-fluoride cryolite melts was evaluated. The experimental and calculated values of the electrical conductivity agree within 1.5%. The activation energy of the electrical conductivity of the NaF-AlF(3)-CaF(2)-Al(2)O(3) melts was estimated. The activation energy of electrical conductivity for molten NaF-AlF(3) mixtures with CR 3.0 and 2.1, determined by the most mobile cations Na(+), increased from 15.8 kJ/mol up to 18.5 kJ/mol. It was found that CR had a greater impact on the activation energy than the changes in the Al(2)O(3) or CaF(2) concentrations. Based on the ratio of the activation energies of the electrical conductivity and the viscous flow, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and viscosity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF(3)-CaF(2)-Al(2)O(3) was illustrated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8658855 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86588552021-12-10 The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures Arkhipov, Pavel Tkacheva, Olga Materials (Basel) Article A new way to reduce the energy consumption during the operation of powerful aluminum reduction cells is suggested via reducing the resistance of the electrolyte, i.e., increasing its electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF(3)-CaF(2)-Al(2)O(3) with cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.1–3.0 and content of CaF(2) and Al(2)O(3), up to 8 wt%, was measured at the temperatures from liquidus to 1300 K. Based on the experimental results, a multifunctional equation for the electrical conductivity of oxide-fluoride cryolite melts was evaluated. The experimental and calculated values of the electrical conductivity agree within 1.5%. The activation energy of the electrical conductivity of the NaF-AlF(3)-CaF(2)-Al(2)O(3) melts was estimated. The activation energy of electrical conductivity for molten NaF-AlF(3) mixtures with CR 3.0 and 2.1, determined by the most mobile cations Na(+), increased from 15.8 kJ/mol up to 18.5 kJ/mol. It was found that CR had a greater impact on the activation energy than the changes in the Al(2)O(3) or CaF(2) concentrations. Based on the ratio of the activation energies of the electrical conductivity and the viscous flow, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and viscosity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF(3)-CaF(2)-Al(2)O(3) was illustrated. MDPI 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8658855/ /pubmed/34885572 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237419 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Arkhipov, Pavel Tkacheva, Olga The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures |
title | The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures |
title_full | The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures |
title_fullStr | The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures |
title_full_unstemmed | The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures |
title_short | The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures |
title_sort | electrical conductivity of molten oxide-fluoride cryolite mixtures |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8658855/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885572 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237419 |
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