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HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica

There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled wi...

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Autores principales: Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha, Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth, Quesada-Mora, Silvia, Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela, Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia, Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel, Alvarado-Corella, Diego, Vargas-Huertas, Felipe, Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659030/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885949
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237367
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author Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha
Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth
Quesada-Mora, Silvia
Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela
Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia
Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel
Alvarado-Corella, Diego
Vargas-Huertas, Felipe
Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés
author_facet Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha
Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth
Quesada-Mora, Silvia
Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela
Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia
Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel
Alvarado-Corella, Diego
Vargas-Huertas, Felipe
Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés
author_sort Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha
collection PubMed
description There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS), on enriched-phenolic extracts from skins and flesh, obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). In total, 48 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 17 flavan-3-ols, 12 flavonoids, 4 chalcones, 1 glycosylated isoprenoid and 14 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Among extracts, the flesh of Jonagold exhibits a larger number of polyphenols and is especially rich in procyanidin trimers, tetramers and pentamers. Evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities using ORAC and DPPH procedures yields higher values for this extract (608.8 mg GAE/g extract; 14.80 mmol TE/g extract and IC(50) = 3.96 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, cytotoxicity evaluated against SW620 colon cancer cell lines and AGS gastric cancer cell lines also delivered better effects for Jonagold flesh (IC(50) = 62.4 and 60.0 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between TPC and cytotoxicity values against SW620 and AGS adenocarcinoma (r = −0.908, and −0.902, respectively). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between the number of procyanidins and both antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity towards SW620 (r = −0.978) and AGS (r = −0.894) cell lines. These results align with Jonagold flesh exhibiting the highest abundance in procyanidin oligomers and yielding better cytotoxic and antioxidant results. In sum, our findings suggest the need for further studies on these Costa Rican apple extracts—and particularly on the extracts from Jonagold flesh—to increase the knowledge on their potential benefits for health.
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spelling pubmed-86590302021-12-10 HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth Quesada-Mora, Silvia Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel Alvarado-Corella, Diego Vargas-Huertas, Felipe Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés Molecules Article There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS), on enriched-phenolic extracts from skins and flesh, obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). In total, 48 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 17 flavan-3-ols, 12 flavonoids, 4 chalcones, 1 glycosylated isoprenoid and 14 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Among extracts, the flesh of Jonagold exhibits a larger number of polyphenols and is especially rich in procyanidin trimers, tetramers and pentamers. Evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities using ORAC and DPPH procedures yields higher values for this extract (608.8 mg GAE/g extract; 14.80 mmol TE/g extract and IC(50) = 3.96 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, cytotoxicity evaluated against SW620 colon cancer cell lines and AGS gastric cancer cell lines also delivered better effects for Jonagold flesh (IC(50) = 62.4 and 60.0 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between TPC and cytotoxicity values against SW620 and AGS adenocarcinoma (r = −0.908, and −0.902, respectively). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between the number of procyanidins and both antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity towards SW620 (r = −0.978) and AGS (r = −0.894) cell lines. These results align with Jonagold flesh exhibiting the highest abundance in procyanidin oligomers and yielding better cytotoxic and antioxidant results. In sum, our findings suggest the need for further studies on these Costa Rican apple extracts—and particularly on the extracts from Jonagold flesh—to increase the knowledge on their potential benefits for health. MDPI 2021-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8659030/ /pubmed/34885949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237367 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha
Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth
Quesada-Mora, Silvia
Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela
Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia
Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel
Alvarado-Corella, Diego
Vargas-Huertas, Felipe
Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés
HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica
title HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica
title_full HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica
title_fullStr HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica
title_full_unstemmed HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica
title_short HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica
title_sort hrms characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of polyphenols in malus domestica cultivars from costa rica
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659030/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885949
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237367
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