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HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica
There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled wi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659030/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237367 |
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author | Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth Quesada-Mora, Silvia Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel Alvarado-Corella, Diego Vargas-Huertas, Felipe Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés |
author_facet | Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth Quesada-Mora, Silvia Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel Alvarado-Corella, Diego Vargas-Huertas, Felipe Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés |
author_sort | Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS), on enriched-phenolic extracts from skins and flesh, obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). In total, 48 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 17 flavan-3-ols, 12 flavonoids, 4 chalcones, 1 glycosylated isoprenoid and 14 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Among extracts, the flesh of Jonagold exhibits a larger number of polyphenols and is especially rich in procyanidin trimers, tetramers and pentamers. Evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities using ORAC and DPPH procedures yields higher values for this extract (608.8 mg GAE/g extract; 14.80 mmol TE/g extract and IC(50) = 3.96 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, cytotoxicity evaluated against SW620 colon cancer cell lines and AGS gastric cancer cell lines also delivered better effects for Jonagold flesh (IC(50) = 62.4 and 60.0 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between TPC and cytotoxicity values against SW620 and AGS adenocarcinoma (r = −0.908, and −0.902, respectively). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between the number of procyanidins and both antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity towards SW620 (r = −0.978) and AGS (r = −0.894) cell lines. These results align with Jonagold flesh exhibiting the highest abundance in procyanidin oligomers and yielding better cytotoxic and antioxidant results. In sum, our findings suggest the need for further studies on these Costa Rican apple extracts—and particularly on the extracts from Jonagold flesh—to increase the knowledge on their potential benefits for health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8659030 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86590302021-12-10 HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth Quesada-Mora, Silvia Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel Alvarado-Corella, Diego Vargas-Huertas, Felipe Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés Molecules Article There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS), on enriched-phenolic extracts from skins and flesh, obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). In total, 48 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 17 flavan-3-ols, 12 flavonoids, 4 chalcones, 1 glycosylated isoprenoid and 14 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Among extracts, the flesh of Jonagold exhibits a larger number of polyphenols and is especially rich in procyanidin trimers, tetramers and pentamers. Evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities using ORAC and DPPH procedures yields higher values for this extract (608.8 mg GAE/g extract; 14.80 mmol TE/g extract and IC(50) = 3.96 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, cytotoxicity evaluated against SW620 colon cancer cell lines and AGS gastric cancer cell lines also delivered better effects for Jonagold flesh (IC(50) = 62.4 and 60.0 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between TPC and cytotoxicity values against SW620 and AGS adenocarcinoma (r = −0.908, and −0.902, respectively). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between the number of procyanidins and both antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity towards SW620 (r = −0.978) and AGS (r = −0.894) cell lines. These results align with Jonagold flesh exhibiting the highest abundance in procyanidin oligomers and yielding better cytotoxic and antioxidant results. In sum, our findings suggest the need for further studies on these Costa Rican apple extracts—and particularly on the extracts from Jonagold flesh—to increase the knowledge on their potential benefits for health. MDPI 2021-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8659030/ /pubmed/34885949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237367 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha Arnáez-Serrano, Elizabeth Quesada-Mora, Silvia Azofeifa-Cordero, Gabriela Wilhelm-Romero, Krissia Quirós-Fallas, Maria Isabel Alvarado-Corella, Diego Vargas-Huertas, Felipe Sánchez-Kopper, Andrés HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica |
title | HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica |
title_full | HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica |
title_fullStr | HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica |
title_full_unstemmed | HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica |
title_short | HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica |
title_sort | hrms characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of polyphenols in malus domestica cultivars from costa rica |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659030/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237367 |
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