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Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings

Plasma polymer coatings fabricated from Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its derivatives have been previously shown to reduce the extent of microbial adhesion on titanium, polymers, and other implantable materials used in dentistry. Previous studies have shown these coatings to maintain thei...

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Autores principales: Bazaka, Olha, Prasad, Karthika, Levchenko, Igor, Jacob, Mohan V., Bazaka, Kateryna, Kingshott, Peter, Crawford, Russell J., Ivanova, Elena P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237133
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author Bazaka, Olha
Prasad, Karthika
Levchenko, Igor
Jacob, Mohan V.
Bazaka, Kateryna
Kingshott, Peter
Crawford, Russell J.
Ivanova, Elena P.
author_facet Bazaka, Olha
Prasad, Karthika
Levchenko, Igor
Jacob, Mohan V.
Bazaka, Kateryna
Kingshott, Peter
Crawford, Russell J.
Ivanova, Elena P.
author_sort Bazaka, Olha
collection PubMed
description Plasma polymer coatings fabricated from Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its derivatives have been previously shown to reduce the extent of microbial adhesion on titanium, polymers, and other implantable materials used in dentistry. Previous studies have shown these coatings to maintain their performance under standard operating conditions; however, when used in e.g., a dental implant, these coatings may inadvertently become subject to in situ cleaning treatments, such as those using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet, a promising tool for the effective in situ removal of biofilms from tissues and implant surfaces. Here, we investigated the effect of such an exposure on the antimicrobial performance of the Melaleuca alternifolia polymer coating. It was found that direct exposure of the polymer coating surface to the jet for periods less than 60 s was sufficient to induce changes in its surface chemistry and topography, affecting its ability to retard subsequent microbial attachment. The exact effect of the jet exposure depended on the chemistry of the polymer coating, the length of plasma treatment, cell type, and incubation conditions. The change in the antimicrobial activity for polymer coatings fabricated at powers of 20–30 W was not statistically significant due to their limited baseline bioactivity. Interestingly, the bioactivity of polymer coatings fabricated at 10 and 15 W against Staphylococcus aureus cells was temporarily improved after the treatment, which could be attributed to the generation of loosely attached bioactive fragments on the treated surface, resulting in an increase in the dose of the bioactive agents being eluted by the surface. Attachment and proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and mixed cultures were less affected by changes in the bioactivity profile of the surface. The sensitivity of the cells to the change imparted by the jet treatment was also found to be dependent on their origin culture, with mature biofilm-derived P. aeruginosa bacterial cells showing a greater ability to colonize the surface when compared to its planktonic broth-grown counterpart. The presence of plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the culture media was also found to enhance the bioactivity of polymer coatings fabricated at power levels of 10 and 15 W, due to a synergistic effect arising from simultaneous exposure of cells to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and eluted bioactive fragments. These results suggest that it is important to consider the possible implications of inadvertent changes in the properties and performance of plasma polymer coatings as a result of exposure to in situ decontamination, to both prevent suboptimal performance and to exploit possible synergies that may arise for some polymer coating-surface treatment combinations.
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spelling pubmed-86591392021-12-10 Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings Bazaka, Olha Prasad, Karthika Levchenko, Igor Jacob, Mohan V. Bazaka, Kateryna Kingshott, Peter Crawford, Russell J. Ivanova, Elena P. Molecules Article Plasma polymer coatings fabricated from Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its derivatives have been previously shown to reduce the extent of microbial adhesion on titanium, polymers, and other implantable materials used in dentistry. Previous studies have shown these coatings to maintain their performance under standard operating conditions; however, when used in e.g., a dental implant, these coatings may inadvertently become subject to in situ cleaning treatments, such as those using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet, a promising tool for the effective in situ removal of biofilms from tissues and implant surfaces. Here, we investigated the effect of such an exposure on the antimicrobial performance of the Melaleuca alternifolia polymer coating. It was found that direct exposure of the polymer coating surface to the jet for periods less than 60 s was sufficient to induce changes in its surface chemistry and topography, affecting its ability to retard subsequent microbial attachment. The exact effect of the jet exposure depended on the chemistry of the polymer coating, the length of plasma treatment, cell type, and incubation conditions. The change in the antimicrobial activity for polymer coatings fabricated at powers of 20–30 W was not statistically significant due to their limited baseline bioactivity. Interestingly, the bioactivity of polymer coatings fabricated at 10 and 15 W against Staphylococcus aureus cells was temporarily improved after the treatment, which could be attributed to the generation of loosely attached bioactive fragments on the treated surface, resulting in an increase in the dose of the bioactive agents being eluted by the surface. Attachment and proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and mixed cultures were less affected by changes in the bioactivity profile of the surface. The sensitivity of the cells to the change imparted by the jet treatment was also found to be dependent on their origin culture, with mature biofilm-derived P. aeruginosa bacterial cells showing a greater ability to colonize the surface when compared to its planktonic broth-grown counterpart. The presence of plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the culture media was also found to enhance the bioactivity of polymer coatings fabricated at power levels of 10 and 15 W, due to a synergistic effect arising from simultaneous exposure of cells to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and eluted bioactive fragments. These results suggest that it is important to consider the possible implications of inadvertent changes in the properties and performance of plasma polymer coatings as a result of exposure to in situ decontamination, to both prevent suboptimal performance and to exploit possible synergies that may arise for some polymer coating-surface treatment combinations. MDPI 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8659139/ /pubmed/34885713 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237133 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bazaka, Olha
Prasad, Karthika
Levchenko, Igor
Jacob, Mohan V.
Bazaka, Kateryna
Kingshott, Peter
Crawford, Russell J.
Ivanova, Elena P.
Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings
title Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings
title_full Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings
title_fullStr Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings
title_full_unstemmed Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings
title_short Decontamination-Induced Modification of Bioactivity in Essential Oil-Based Plasma Polymer Coatings
title_sort decontamination-induced modification of bioactivity in essential oil-based plasma polymer coatings
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237133
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