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Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorpo...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659212/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237120 |
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author | Peng, Jing-Jing Yue, Shi-Yang Fang, Yu-Hui Liu, Xiao-Ling Wang, Cheng-Hua |
author_facet | Peng, Jing-Jing Yue, Shi-Yang Fang, Yu-Hui Liu, Xiao-Ling Wang, Cheng-Hua |
author_sort | Peng, Jing-Jing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorporation of Sec into selenoprotein were comprehensively reviewed on five aspects: (i) the specific biosynthesis mechanism of Sec and the role of its internal influencing factors (SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, SPS2 and PSTK); (ii) the elements (SECIS, PSL, SPUR and RF) on mRNA and their functional mechanisms; (iii) the specificity (either translation termination or translation into Sec) of UGA; (iv) the structure–activity relationship and action mechanism of SelA, SelB, SelC and SelD; and (v) the operating mechanism of two key enzyme systems for inorganic selenium source flow before Sec synthesis. Lastly, the size of the translation initiation interval, other action modes of SECIS and effects of REPS (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences) that affect the incorporation efficiency of Sec was also discussed to provide scientific basis for the large-scale industrial fermentation for the production of selenoprotein. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8659212 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86592122021-12-10 Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine Peng, Jing-Jing Yue, Shi-Yang Fang, Yu-Hui Liu, Xiao-Ling Wang, Cheng-Hua Molecules Review Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorporation of Sec into selenoprotein were comprehensively reviewed on five aspects: (i) the specific biosynthesis mechanism of Sec and the role of its internal influencing factors (SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, SPS2 and PSTK); (ii) the elements (SECIS, PSL, SPUR and RF) on mRNA and their functional mechanisms; (iii) the specificity (either translation termination or translation into Sec) of UGA; (iv) the structure–activity relationship and action mechanism of SelA, SelB, SelC and SelD; and (v) the operating mechanism of two key enzyme systems for inorganic selenium source flow before Sec synthesis. Lastly, the size of the translation initiation interval, other action modes of SECIS and effects of REPS (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences) that affect the incorporation efficiency of Sec was also discussed to provide scientific basis for the large-scale industrial fermentation for the production of selenoprotein. MDPI 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8659212/ /pubmed/34885702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237120 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Peng, Jing-Jing Yue, Shi-Yang Fang, Yu-Hui Liu, Xiao-Ling Wang, Cheng-Hua Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
title | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
title_full | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
title_fullStr | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
title_short | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
title_sort | mechanisms affecting the biosynthesis and incorporation rate of selenocysteine |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659212/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237120 |
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