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Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine

Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorpo...

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Autores principales: Peng, Jing-Jing, Yue, Shi-Yang, Fang, Yu-Hui, Liu, Xiao-Ling, Wang, Cheng-Hua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885702
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237120
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author Peng, Jing-Jing
Yue, Shi-Yang
Fang, Yu-Hui
Liu, Xiao-Ling
Wang, Cheng-Hua
author_facet Peng, Jing-Jing
Yue, Shi-Yang
Fang, Yu-Hui
Liu, Xiao-Ling
Wang, Cheng-Hua
author_sort Peng, Jing-Jing
collection PubMed
description Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorporation of Sec into selenoprotein were comprehensively reviewed on five aspects: (i) the specific biosynthesis mechanism of Sec and the role of its internal influencing factors (SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, SPS2 and PSTK); (ii) the elements (SECIS, PSL, SPUR and RF) on mRNA and their functional mechanisms; (iii) the specificity (either translation termination or translation into Sec) of UGA; (iv) the structure–activity relationship and action mechanism of SelA, SelB, SelC and SelD; and (v) the operating mechanism of two key enzyme systems for inorganic selenium source flow before Sec synthesis. Lastly, the size of the translation initiation interval, other action modes of SECIS and effects of REPS (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences) that affect the incorporation efficiency of Sec was also discussed to provide scientific basis for the large-scale industrial fermentation for the production of selenoprotein.
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spelling pubmed-86592122021-12-10 Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine Peng, Jing-Jing Yue, Shi-Yang Fang, Yu-Hui Liu, Xiao-Ling Wang, Cheng-Hua Molecules Review Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorporation of Sec into selenoprotein were comprehensively reviewed on five aspects: (i) the specific biosynthesis mechanism of Sec and the role of its internal influencing factors (SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, SPS2 and PSTK); (ii) the elements (SECIS, PSL, SPUR and RF) on mRNA and their functional mechanisms; (iii) the specificity (either translation termination or translation into Sec) of UGA; (iv) the structure–activity relationship and action mechanism of SelA, SelB, SelC and SelD; and (v) the operating mechanism of two key enzyme systems for inorganic selenium source flow before Sec synthesis. Lastly, the size of the translation initiation interval, other action modes of SECIS and effects of REPS (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences) that affect the incorporation efficiency of Sec was also discussed to provide scientific basis for the large-scale industrial fermentation for the production of selenoprotein. MDPI 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8659212/ /pubmed/34885702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237120 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Peng, Jing-Jing
Yue, Shi-Yang
Fang, Yu-Hui
Liu, Xiao-Ling
Wang, Cheng-Hua
Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
title Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
title_full Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
title_fullStr Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
title_short Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
title_sort mechanisms affecting the biosynthesis and incorporation rate of selenocysteine
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659212/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34885702
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237120
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