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Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure

Rapidly growing 3D printing of hydrogels requires network materials which combine enhanced mechanical properties and printability. One of the most promising approaches to strengthen the hydrogels consists of the incorporation of inorganic fillers. In this paper, the rheological properties important...

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Autores principales: Glukhova, Svetlana A., Molchanov, Vyacheslav S., Lokshin, Boris V., Rogachev, Andrei V., Tsarenko, Alexey A., Patsaev, Timofey D., Kamyshinsky, Roman A., Philippova, Olga E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34883633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234130
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author Glukhova, Svetlana A.
Molchanov, Vyacheslav S.
Lokshin, Boris V.
Rogachev, Andrei V.
Tsarenko, Alexey A.
Patsaev, Timofey D.
Kamyshinsky, Roman A.
Philippova, Olga E.
author_facet Glukhova, Svetlana A.
Molchanov, Vyacheslav S.
Lokshin, Boris V.
Rogachev, Andrei V.
Tsarenko, Alexey A.
Patsaev, Timofey D.
Kamyshinsky, Roman A.
Philippova, Olga E.
author_sort Glukhova, Svetlana A.
collection PubMed
description Rapidly growing 3D printing of hydrogels requires network materials which combine enhanced mechanical properties and printability. One of the most promising approaches to strengthen the hydrogels consists of the incorporation of inorganic fillers. In this paper, the rheological properties important for 3D printability were studied for nanocomposite hydrogels based on a rigid network of percolating halloysite nanotubes embedded in a soft alginate network cross-linked by calcium ions. Particular attention was paid to the effect of polymer cross-linking on these properties. It was revealed that the system possessed a pronounced shear-thinning behavior accompanied by a viscosity drop of 4–5 orders of magnitude. The polymer cross-links enhanced the shear-thinning properties and accelerated the viscosity recovery at rest so that the system could regain 96% of viscosity in only 18 s. Increasing the cross-linking of the soft network also enhanced the storage modulus of the nanocomposite system by up to 2 kPa. Through SAXS data, it was shown that at cross-linking, the junction zones consisting of fragments of two laterally aligned polymer chains were formed, which should have provided additional strength to the hydrogel. At the same time, the cross-linking of the soft network only slightly affected the yield stress, which seemed to be mainly determined by the rigid percolation network of nanotubes and reached 327 Pa. These properties make the alginate/halloysite hydrogels very promising for 3D printing, in particular, for biomedical purposes taking into account the natural origin, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility of both components.
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spelling pubmed-86592882021-12-10 Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure Glukhova, Svetlana A. Molchanov, Vyacheslav S. Lokshin, Boris V. Rogachev, Andrei V. Tsarenko, Alexey A. Patsaev, Timofey D. Kamyshinsky, Roman A. Philippova, Olga E. Polymers (Basel) Article Rapidly growing 3D printing of hydrogels requires network materials which combine enhanced mechanical properties and printability. One of the most promising approaches to strengthen the hydrogels consists of the incorporation of inorganic fillers. In this paper, the rheological properties important for 3D printability were studied for nanocomposite hydrogels based on a rigid network of percolating halloysite nanotubes embedded in a soft alginate network cross-linked by calcium ions. Particular attention was paid to the effect of polymer cross-linking on these properties. It was revealed that the system possessed a pronounced shear-thinning behavior accompanied by a viscosity drop of 4–5 orders of magnitude. The polymer cross-links enhanced the shear-thinning properties and accelerated the viscosity recovery at rest so that the system could regain 96% of viscosity in only 18 s. Increasing the cross-linking of the soft network also enhanced the storage modulus of the nanocomposite system by up to 2 kPa. Through SAXS data, it was shown that at cross-linking, the junction zones consisting of fragments of two laterally aligned polymer chains were formed, which should have provided additional strength to the hydrogel. At the same time, the cross-linking of the soft network only slightly affected the yield stress, which seemed to be mainly determined by the rigid percolation network of nanotubes and reached 327 Pa. These properties make the alginate/halloysite hydrogels very promising for 3D printing, in particular, for biomedical purposes taking into account the natural origin, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility of both components. MDPI 2021-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8659288/ /pubmed/34883633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234130 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Glukhova, Svetlana A.
Molchanov, Vyacheslav S.
Lokshin, Boris V.
Rogachev, Andrei V.
Tsarenko, Alexey A.
Patsaev, Timofey D.
Kamyshinsky, Roman A.
Philippova, Olga E.
Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure
title Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure
title_full Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure
title_fullStr Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure
title_full_unstemmed Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure
title_short Printable Alginate Hydrogels with Embedded Network of Halloysite Nanotubes: Effect of Polymer Cross-Linking on Rheological Properties and Microstructure
title_sort printable alginate hydrogels with embedded network of halloysite nanotubes: effect of polymer cross-linking on rheological properties and microstructure
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34883633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234130
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