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Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference
While wireless IOT modules can be made extremely compact, antennas typically protrude from the module, providing the potential to catch near moving/rotating equipment or transfer loads to the PCB through end forces, which can lead to failures. This work explores the use of split-ring resonator (SRR)...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659506/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34883783 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237779 |
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author | Rohan, Cameron Audet, Jacques Keating, Adrian |
author_facet | Rohan, Cameron Audet, Jacques Keating, Adrian |
author_sort | Rohan, Cameron |
collection | PubMed |
description | While wireless IOT modules can be made extremely compact, antennas typically protrude from the module, providing the potential to catch near moving/rotating equipment or transfer loads to the PCB through end forces, which can lead to failures. This work explores the use of split-ring resonator (SRR) designs to achieve a planar antenna with a maximum dimension less than a monopole working at the same frequency. The very narrow bandwidth of the SRR required detailed physical models to create printed circuit board (PCB)-based antenna designs that could be used at LoRa frequencies of 433 MHz and 915 MHz. Uncertainty analysis allowed for the impact of geometrical and physical tolerances on the resonant frequency to be evaluated. Nearfield and farfield measurements were performed allowing for the resonant frequency, directionality, and range of the antenna to be evaluated. An unbalanced SMA port was added to the SRR design to allow for the use of a network vector analyser to determine the input impedance of various designs. The optimum design achieved an input resistance of 44 Ω at a resonant frequency of 919 MHz, close to the target values (50 Ω at 915 MHz). Field measurements of the received signal strength from a planar antenna design indicated a gain of 5 dB over a conventional quarter-wave monopole antenna, in a footprint that was 40% smaller than the monopole. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8659506 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86595062021-12-10 Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference Rohan, Cameron Audet, Jacques Keating, Adrian Sensors (Basel) Article While wireless IOT modules can be made extremely compact, antennas typically protrude from the module, providing the potential to catch near moving/rotating equipment or transfer loads to the PCB through end forces, which can lead to failures. This work explores the use of split-ring resonator (SRR) designs to achieve a planar antenna with a maximum dimension less than a monopole working at the same frequency. The very narrow bandwidth of the SRR required detailed physical models to create printed circuit board (PCB)-based antenna designs that could be used at LoRa frequencies of 433 MHz and 915 MHz. Uncertainty analysis allowed for the impact of geometrical and physical tolerances on the resonant frequency to be evaluated. Nearfield and farfield measurements were performed allowing for the resonant frequency, directionality, and range of the antenna to be evaluated. An unbalanced SMA port was added to the SRR design to allow for the use of a network vector analyser to determine the input impedance of various designs. The optimum design achieved an input resistance of 44 Ω at a resonant frequency of 919 MHz, close to the target values (50 Ω at 915 MHz). Field measurements of the received signal strength from a planar antenna design indicated a gain of 5 dB over a conventional quarter-wave monopole antenna, in a footprint that was 40% smaller than the monopole. MDPI 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8659506/ /pubmed/34883783 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237779 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rohan, Cameron Audet, Jacques Keating, Adrian Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference |
title | Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference |
title_full | Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference |
title_fullStr | Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference |
title_full_unstemmed | Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference |
title_short | Small Split-Ring Resonators as Efficient Antennas for Remote LoRa IOT Systems—A Path to Reduce Physical Interference |
title_sort | small split-ring resonators as efficient antennas for remote lora iot systems—a path to reduce physical interference |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659506/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34883783 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237779 |
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