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A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences

Electrochemical biosensors promise a simple method to measure analytes for both point-of-care diagnostics and continuous, wearable biomarker monitors. In a liquid environment, detecting the analyte of interest must compete with other solutes that impact the background current, such as redox-active m...

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Autores principales: DeBrosse, Madeleine, Yuan, Yuchan, Brothers, Michael, Karajic, Aleksandar, van Duren, Jeroen, Kim, Steve, Hussain, Saber, Heikenfeld, Jason
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659581/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34884067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238063
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author DeBrosse, Madeleine
Yuan, Yuchan
Brothers, Michael
Karajic, Aleksandar
van Duren, Jeroen
Kim, Steve
Hussain, Saber
Heikenfeld, Jason
author_facet DeBrosse, Madeleine
Yuan, Yuchan
Brothers, Michael
Karajic, Aleksandar
van Duren, Jeroen
Kim, Steve
Hussain, Saber
Heikenfeld, Jason
author_sort DeBrosse, Madeleine
collection PubMed
description Electrochemical biosensors promise a simple method to measure analytes for both point-of-care diagnostics and continuous, wearable biomarker monitors. In a liquid environment, detecting the analyte of interest must compete with other solutes that impact the background current, such as redox-active molecules, conductivity changes in the biofluid, water electrolysis, and electrode fouling. Multiple methods exist to overcome a few of these challenges, but not a comprehensive solution. Presented here is a combined boron-doped diamond electrode and oil–membrane protection approach that broadly mitigates the impact of biofluid interferents without a biorecognition element. The oil–membrane blocks the majority of interferents in biofluids that are hydrophilic while permitting passage of important hydrophobic analytes such as hormones and drugs. The boron-doped diamond then suppresses water electrolysis current and maintains peak electrochemical performance due to the foulant-mitigation benefits of the oil–membrane protection. Results show up to a 365-fold reduction in detection limits using the boron-doped diamond electrode material alone compared with traditional gold in the buffer. Combining the boron-doped diamond material with the oil–membrane protection scheme maintained these detection limits while exposed to human serum for 18 h.
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spelling pubmed-86595812021-12-10 A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences DeBrosse, Madeleine Yuan, Yuchan Brothers, Michael Karajic, Aleksandar van Duren, Jeroen Kim, Steve Hussain, Saber Heikenfeld, Jason Sensors (Basel) Article Electrochemical biosensors promise a simple method to measure analytes for both point-of-care diagnostics and continuous, wearable biomarker monitors. In a liquid environment, detecting the analyte of interest must compete with other solutes that impact the background current, such as redox-active molecules, conductivity changes in the biofluid, water electrolysis, and electrode fouling. Multiple methods exist to overcome a few of these challenges, but not a comprehensive solution. Presented here is a combined boron-doped diamond electrode and oil–membrane protection approach that broadly mitigates the impact of biofluid interferents without a biorecognition element. The oil–membrane blocks the majority of interferents in biofluids that are hydrophilic while permitting passage of important hydrophobic analytes such as hormones and drugs. The boron-doped diamond then suppresses water electrolysis current and maintains peak electrochemical performance due to the foulant-mitigation benefits of the oil–membrane protection. Results show up to a 365-fold reduction in detection limits using the boron-doped diamond electrode material alone compared with traditional gold in the buffer. Combining the boron-doped diamond material with the oil–membrane protection scheme maintained these detection limits while exposed to human serum for 18 h. MDPI 2021-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8659581/ /pubmed/34884067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238063 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
DeBrosse, Madeleine
Yuan, Yuchan
Brothers, Michael
Karajic, Aleksandar
van Duren, Jeroen
Kim, Steve
Hussain, Saber
Heikenfeld, Jason
A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences
title A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences
title_full A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences
title_fullStr A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences
title_full_unstemmed A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences
title_short A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences
title_sort dual approach of an oil–membrane composite and boron-doped diamond electrode to mitigate biofluid interferences
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659581/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34884067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238063
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