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Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures

A microstrip highly sensitive differential sensor for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensing area contains two pairs of open-stub resonators, and the working frequency of the unloaded sensor is 1.25 GHz. The sensor is easily implemente...

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Autores principales: al-Behadili, Amer Abbood, Mocanu, Iulia Andreea, Petrescu, Teodor Mihai, Elwi, Taha A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659593/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34883874
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237865
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author al-Behadili, Amer Abbood
Mocanu, Iulia Andreea
Petrescu, Teodor Mihai
Elwi, Taha A.
author_facet al-Behadili, Amer Abbood
Mocanu, Iulia Andreea
Petrescu, Teodor Mihai
Elwi, Taha A.
author_sort al-Behadili, Amer Abbood
collection PubMed
description A microstrip highly sensitive differential sensor for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensing area contains two pairs of open-stub resonators, and the working frequency of the unloaded sensor is 1.25 GHz. The sensor is easily implemented on an affordable substrate FR-4 Epoxy with a thickness of 1.6 mm. A Teflon beaker is mounted on the sensor without affecting the measurements. Numerically, liquid mixtures of water and urine at different percentages were introduced to the proposed sensor to evaluate the frequency variation. The percentage of water content in the mixture varied from 0% (100% urine) to 100% (0% urine) with a step of 3.226%, thus giving 32 data groups of the simulated results. Experimentally, the mixtures of: 0% urine (100% water), 20% urine (80% water), 33% urine (66% water), 50% urine (50% water), 66% urine (33% water), and 100% urine (0% water) were considered for validation. The complex permittivity of the considered samples was evaluated using a nonlinear least square curve fitting in MATLAB in order to realize a sensing sensitivity of about 3%.
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spelling pubmed-86595932021-12-10 Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures al-Behadili, Amer Abbood Mocanu, Iulia Andreea Petrescu, Teodor Mihai Elwi, Taha A. Sensors (Basel) Article A microstrip highly sensitive differential sensor for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensing area contains two pairs of open-stub resonators, and the working frequency of the unloaded sensor is 1.25 GHz. The sensor is easily implemented on an affordable substrate FR-4 Epoxy with a thickness of 1.6 mm. A Teflon beaker is mounted on the sensor without affecting the measurements. Numerically, liquid mixtures of water and urine at different percentages were introduced to the proposed sensor to evaluate the frequency variation. The percentage of water content in the mixture varied from 0% (100% urine) to 100% (0% urine) with a step of 3.226%, thus giving 32 data groups of the simulated results. Experimentally, the mixtures of: 0% urine (100% water), 20% urine (80% water), 33% urine (66% water), 50% urine (50% water), 66% urine (33% water), and 100% urine (0% water) were considered for validation. The complex permittivity of the considered samples was evaluated using a nonlinear least square curve fitting in MATLAB in order to realize a sensing sensitivity of about 3%. MDPI 2021-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8659593/ /pubmed/34883874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237865 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
al-Behadili, Amer Abbood
Mocanu, Iulia Andreea
Petrescu, Teodor Mihai
Elwi, Taha A.
Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures
title Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures
title_full Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures
title_fullStr Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures
title_full_unstemmed Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures
title_short Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures
title_sort differential microstrip sensor for complex permittivity characterization of organic fluid mixtures
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659593/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34883874
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237865
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