Cargando…

SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies

In this review, we reveal the latest developments at the interface between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell surface. In particular, we evaluate the current and potential mechanisms of binding, fusion and the conformational changes of the spike (S) protein to host cell surface receptors, especially the h...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Butnariu, Aura-Bianca, Look, Alex, Grillo, Marta, Tabish, Tanveer A., McGarvey, Michael J., Pranjol, Md Zahidul I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34956606
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0081
_version_ 1784613425020665856
author Butnariu, Aura-Bianca
Look, Alex
Grillo, Marta
Tabish, Tanveer A.
McGarvey, Michael J.
Pranjol, Md Zahidul I.
author_facet Butnariu, Aura-Bianca
Look, Alex
Grillo, Marta
Tabish, Tanveer A.
McGarvey, Michael J.
Pranjol, Md Zahidul I.
author_sort Butnariu, Aura-Bianca
collection PubMed
description In this review, we reveal the latest developments at the interface between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell surface. In particular, we evaluate the current and potential mechanisms of binding, fusion and the conformational changes of the spike (S) protein to host cell surface receptors, especially the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. For instance, upon the initial attachment, the receptor binding domain of the S protein forms primarily hydrogen bonds with the protease domain of ACE2 resulting in conformational changes within the secondary structure. These surface interactions are of paramount importance and have been therapeutically exploited for antiviral design, such as monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, we provide an insight into novel therapies that target viral non-structural proteins, such as viral RNA polymerase. An example of which is remdesivir which has now been approved for use in COVID-19 patients by the US Food and Drug Administration. Establishing further understanding of the molecular details at the cell surface will undoubtably aid the development of more efficacious and selectively targeted therapies to reduce the burden of COVID-19.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8662392
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher The Royal Society
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86623922022-02-02 SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies Butnariu, Aura-Bianca Look, Alex Grillo, Marta Tabish, Tanveer A. McGarvey, Michael J. Pranjol, Md Zahidul I. Interface Focus Articles In this review, we reveal the latest developments at the interface between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell surface. In particular, we evaluate the current and potential mechanisms of binding, fusion and the conformational changes of the spike (S) protein to host cell surface receptors, especially the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. For instance, upon the initial attachment, the receptor binding domain of the S protein forms primarily hydrogen bonds with the protease domain of ACE2 resulting in conformational changes within the secondary structure. These surface interactions are of paramount importance and have been therapeutically exploited for antiviral design, such as monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, we provide an insight into novel therapies that target viral non-structural proteins, such as viral RNA polymerase. An example of which is remdesivir which has now been approved for use in COVID-19 patients by the US Food and Drug Administration. Establishing further understanding of the molecular details at the cell surface will undoubtably aid the development of more efficacious and selectively targeted therapies to reduce the burden of COVID-19. The Royal Society 2021-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8662392/ /pubmed/34956606 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0081 Text en © 2021 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Articles
Butnariu, Aura-Bianca
Look, Alex
Grillo, Marta
Tabish, Tanveer A.
McGarvey, Michael J.
Pranjol, Md Zahidul I.
SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies
title SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies
title_full SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies
title_short SARS-CoV-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies
title_sort sars-cov-2–host cell surface interactions and potential antiviral therapies
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34956606
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0081
work_keys_str_mv AT butnariuaurabianca sarscov2hostcellsurfaceinteractionsandpotentialantiviraltherapies
AT lookalex sarscov2hostcellsurfaceinteractionsandpotentialantiviraltherapies
AT grillomarta sarscov2hostcellsurfaceinteractionsandpotentialantiviraltherapies
AT tabishtanveera sarscov2hostcellsurfaceinteractionsandpotentialantiviraltherapies
AT mcgarveymichaelj sarscov2hostcellsurfaceinteractionsandpotentialantiviraltherapies
AT pranjolmdzahiduli sarscov2hostcellsurfaceinteractionsandpotentialantiviraltherapies