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A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry
The automated quantification of the behaviour of freely moving animals is increasingly needed in applied ethology. State-of-the-art approaches often require tags to identify animals, high computational power for data collection and processing, and are sensitive to environmental conditions, which lim...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662461/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34884145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238140 |
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author | Dore, Alexandre Pasquaretta, Cristian Henry, Dominique Ricard, Edmond Bompa, Jean-François Bonneau, Mathieu Boissy, Alain Hazard, Dominique Lihoreau, Mathieu Aubert, Hervé |
author_facet | Dore, Alexandre Pasquaretta, Cristian Henry, Dominique Ricard, Edmond Bompa, Jean-François Bonneau, Mathieu Boissy, Alain Hazard, Dominique Lihoreau, Mathieu Aubert, Hervé |
author_sort | Dore, Alexandre |
collection | PubMed |
description | The automated quantification of the behaviour of freely moving animals is increasingly needed in applied ethology. State-of-the-art approaches often require tags to identify animals, high computational power for data collection and processing, and are sensitive to environmental conditions, which limits their large-scale utilization, for instance in genetic selection programs of animal breeding. Here we introduce a new automated tracking system based on millimetre-wave radars for real time robust and high precision monitoring of untagged animals. In contrast to conventional video tracking systems, radar tracking requires low processing power, is independent on light variations and has more accurate estimations of animal positions due to a lower misdetection rate. To validate our approach, we monitored the movements of 58 sheep in a standard indoor behavioural test used for assessing social motivation. We derived new estimators from the radar data that can be used to improve the behavioural phenotyping of the sheep. We then showed how radars can be used for movement tracking at larger spatial scales, in the field, by adjusting operating frequency and radiated electromagnetic power. Millimetre-wave radars thus hold considerable promises precision farming through high-throughput recording of the behaviour of untagged animals in different types of environments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8662461 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86624612021-12-11 A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry Dore, Alexandre Pasquaretta, Cristian Henry, Dominique Ricard, Edmond Bompa, Jean-François Bonneau, Mathieu Boissy, Alain Hazard, Dominique Lihoreau, Mathieu Aubert, Hervé Sensors (Basel) Article The automated quantification of the behaviour of freely moving animals is increasingly needed in applied ethology. State-of-the-art approaches often require tags to identify animals, high computational power for data collection and processing, and are sensitive to environmental conditions, which limits their large-scale utilization, for instance in genetic selection programs of animal breeding. Here we introduce a new automated tracking system based on millimetre-wave radars for real time robust and high precision monitoring of untagged animals. In contrast to conventional video tracking systems, radar tracking requires low processing power, is independent on light variations and has more accurate estimations of animal positions due to a lower misdetection rate. To validate our approach, we monitored the movements of 58 sheep in a standard indoor behavioural test used for assessing social motivation. We derived new estimators from the radar data that can be used to improve the behavioural phenotyping of the sheep. We then showed how radars can be used for movement tracking at larger spatial scales, in the field, by adjusting operating frequency and radiated electromagnetic power. Millimetre-wave radars thus hold considerable promises precision farming through high-throughput recording of the behaviour of untagged animals in different types of environments. MDPI 2021-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8662461/ /pubmed/34884145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238140 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dore, Alexandre Pasquaretta, Cristian Henry, Dominique Ricard, Edmond Bompa, Jean-François Bonneau, Mathieu Boissy, Alain Hazard, Dominique Lihoreau, Mathieu Aubert, Hervé A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry |
title | A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry |
title_full | A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry |
title_fullStr | A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry |
title_full_unstemmed | A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry |
title_short | A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry |
title_sort | non-invasive millimetre-wave radar sensor for automated behavioural tracking in precision farming—application to sheep husbandry |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662461/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34884145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238140 |
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