Barriers to eHealth adoption in routine antenatal care practices: Perspectives of expectant mothers in Uganda – A qualitative study using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model

Current empirical evidence suggests that successful adoption of eHealth systems improves maternal health outcomes, yet there are still existing gaps in adopting such systems in Uganda. Service delivery in maternal health is operating in a spectrum of inadequacy, hence eHealth adoption cannot ensue. This study set out to explore the challenges that impede eHealth adoption in women's routine antenatal care practices in Uganda. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was employed to document challenges. These challenges were classified based on a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology constructs. One hundred and fifteen expectant mothers, aged between 18 and 49 years, who spoke either English or Luganda were included in the study that took place between January to May 2019. Thematic analysis using template analysis was adopted to analyse qualitative responses. Challenges were categorised based on five principal unified theories of acceptance and use of technology constructs namely: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and behavioural intention. Facilitating conditions had more influence on technology acceptance and adoption than the other four constructs. Specifically, the lack of training prior to using the system, technical support, computers and smart phones had a downhill effect on adoption. Subsequently, the cost of data services, internet intermittency, and the lack of systems that bridge the gap between mothers and health providers further hindered technology uptake. In conclusion, strategies such as co-development, training end-users, garnering support at the national and hospital levels should be advocated to improve user acceptance of technology.