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Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit
OBJECTIVE: Increased prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) is part of a growing polysubstance use landscape. The purpose of the present study was to characterize prescription stimulant NMU among adults reporting past 5-year non-oral prescription stimulant NMU. METHODS: Adults who reported non-...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8664867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34938836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100376 |
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author | Vosburg, Suzanne K. Robbins, Rebekkah S. Antshel, Kevin M. Faraone, Stephen V. Green, Jody L. |
author_facet | Vosburg, Suzanne K. Robbins, Rebekkah S. Antshel, Kevin M. Faraone, Stephen V. Green, Jody L. |
author_sort | Vosburg, Suzanne K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Increased prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) is part of a growing polysubstance use landscape. The purpose of the present study was to characterize prescription stimulant NMU among adults reporting past 5-year non-oral prescription stimulant NMU. METHODS: Adults who reported non-oral prescription stimulant NMU within the last 5 years were recruited by banner ads placed on the Reddit website between February and September 2019. Types of prescription stimulants used, routes of administration, preferred routes of administration, motivations for prescription stimulant NMU, concurrent substances used simultaneously during prescription stimulant NMU, illicit substances used and factors impacting prescription stimulant NMU were queried. RESULTS: Respondents (n = 225) were male (86.2%), non-Hispanic (92.4%), white (78.2%), between 18 and 24 (48.0%) or 25–34 (43.1%) years with some amount of college education (81.3%). Most reported lifetime intranasal (93.8%) or oral use (85.2%). Prescription stimulants were diverted: 64.5% reported the prescription stimulants were given to them by a family or a friend and 10.5% reported that they had stolen these medications from a family or friend. Preferred route of administration was oral use (70.2%). Motivations to use were stratified by route of administration: intranasal (55.6%) or oral (63.0%) use was primarily endorsed as an attempt to enhance performance at work or at school; use by injection (57.1%) or smoking (62.5%) was primarily endorsed to get high. Most of the sample reported concurrent drug use (79.1%) including tobacco (57.3%), marijuana (52.0%), caffeine (47.6%) or alcohol (41.8%), among others. When excluding licit substances, 30.7% reported using 1 illicit substance concurrently with prescription stimulants and 25.3% reported using 2 or more illicit substances concurrently with prescription stimulants. Whether participants would undertake prescription stimulant NMU was determined by their work/school schedules or the location of the NMU (48.9%) whereas the route of administration employed was primarily influenced by the desired feeling or effect (56.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Adults reporting lifetime non-oral prescription stimulant NMU engage in substantial risky behaviors that in addition to alternate routes of administration include polysubstance use, diversion and concurrent substance use. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8664867 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86648672021-12-21 Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit Vosburg, Suzanne K. Robbins, Rebekkah S. Antshel, Kevin M. Faraone, Stephen V. Green, Jody L. Addict Behav Rep Research paper OBJECTIVE: Increased prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) is part of a growing polysubstance use landscape. The purpose of the present study was to characterize prescription stimulant NMU among adults reporting past 5-year non-oral prescription stimulant NMU. METHODS: Adults who reported non-oral prescription stimulant NMU within the last 5 years were recruited by banner ads placed on the Reddit website between February and September 2019. Types of prescription stimulants used, routes of administration, preferred routes of administration, motivations for prescription stimulant NMU, concurrent substances used simultaneously during prescription stimulant NMU, illicit substances used and factors impacting prescription stimulant NMU were queried. RESULTS: Respondents (n = 225) were male (86.2%), non-Hispanic (92.4%), white (78.2%), between 18 and 24 (48.0%) or 25–34 (43.1%) years with some amount of college education (81.3%). Most reported lifetime intranasal (93.8%) or oral use (85.2%). Prescription stimulants were diverted: 64.5% reported the prescription stimulants were given to them by a family or a friend and 10.5% reported that they had stolen these medications from a family or friend. Preferred route of administration was oral use (70.2%). Motivations to use were stratified by route of administration: intranasal (55.6%) or oral (63.0%) use was primarily endorsed as an attempt to enhance performance at work or at school; use by injection (57.1%) or smoking (62.5%) was primarily endorsed to get high. Most of the sample reported concurrent drug use (79.1%) including tobacco (57.3%), marijuana (52.0%), caffeine (47.6%) or alcohol (41.8%), among others. When excluding licit substances, 30.7% reported using 1 illicit substance concurrently with prescription stimulants and 25.3% reported using 2 or more illicit substances concurrently with prescription stimulants. Whether participants would undertake prescription stimulant NMU was determined by their work/school schedules or the location of the NMU (48.9%) whereas the route of administration employed was primarily influenced by the desired feeling or effect (56.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Adults reporting lifetime non-oral prescription stimulant NMU engage in substantial risky behaviors that in addition to alternate routes of administration include polysubstance use, diversion and concurrent substance use. Elsevier 2021-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8664867/ /pubmed/34938836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100376 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Research paper Vosburg, Suzanne K. Robbins, Rebekkah S. Antshel, Kevin M. Faraone, Stephen V. Green, Jody L. Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit |
title | Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit |
title_full | Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit |
title_fullStr | Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit |
title_short | Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit |
title_sort | characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (nmu) among adults recruited from reddit |
topic | Research paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8664867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34938836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100376 |
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