Anesthesia in a Patient with Potocki–Lupski Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Potocki–Lupski syndrome (PTLS) is a rare disease caused by the duplication of a small segment of chromosome 17 (17p11.2). The clinical presentation of this syndrome is quite variable and includes hypotonia, failure to thrive, oropharyngeal dysphagia, developmental delay, and behavioral abnormalities. In addition, congenital heart disease, sleep apnea, and mildly dysmorphic features are common and should be considered during anesthetic management. However, because of the rarity and newness of the syndrome, there are few reports on the anesthetic care of patients with PTLS. Case Report. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with this syndrome who underwent general anesthesia for exotropia surgery. The patient exhibited micrognathia; a mild decrease in muscle tone; and a developmental delay in motor, speech, and cognition. She had a history of swallowing incoordination and gastroesophageal reflux. No abnormalities were found on a preoperative echocardiography. A videolaryngoscope was used for tracheal intubation, and the state of neuromuscular blockade was monitored in addition to standard monitoring. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil. The patient recovered without any adverse events. CONCLUSION: As PTLS patients may have several malformations, preanesthetic evaluation is important. Preoperative echocardiography and cardiologic consultations are required. It is desirable to prepare for the risk of difficult airway and pulmonary aspiration. Postoperatively, close monitoring is needed to prevent airway compromise.