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Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis

OBJECTIVES: Pertussis or whooping cough—one of the most contagious diseases—is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite a high vaccination rate, Korea recently experienced a resurgence of pertussis. This study explores patterns and possible explanations for this resurgence...

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Autores principales: Kim, Chanhee, Yi, Seonju, Cho, Sung-il
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society of Epidemiology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8666685/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34412447
http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021053
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author Kim, Chanhee
Yi, Seonju
Cho, Sung-il
author_facet Kim, Chanhee
Yi, Seonju
Cho, Sung-il
author_sort Kim, Chanhee
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: Pertussis or whooping cough—one of the most contagious diseases—is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite a high vaccination rate, Korea recently experienced a resurgence of pertussis. This study explores patterns and possible explanations for this resurgence through an age-period-cohort analysis. METHODS: Using secondary data from the infectious disease portal of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Korea Statistical Information Service of Statistics Korea, this study analyzed the incidence of pertussis in Korea to determine which factors contributed to the recent increase using an age-period-cohort model. RESULTS: Analysis of the age effect indicated that the age group most vulnerable to pertussis was 0-year to 2-year-olds. Analysis of the period effect showed a sharp increase in the incidence rate after 2016. Analysis of the cohort effect showed a significant decrease in incidence beginning with the 1955 birth cohort, with the risk increasing again with the 2000s birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies have suggested 3 main possible explanations for our results. First, the increased incidence rate can be attributed to contact rates. Second, the rate of immunity through natural exposure has decreased due to the low number of circulating pathogens, in turn affecting the trend of infection. Lastly, variations in pathogens may have also contributed to the increase in incidence. Given that the most significant increase in incidence was observed among infants younger than 1 year old, sufficient maternal immunity must be prioritized to provide passive immunity to newborns via the placenta.
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spelling pubmed-86666852021-12-23 Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis Kim, Chanhee Yi, Seonju Cho, Sung-il Epidemiol Health Original Article OBJECTIVES: Pertussis or whooping cough—one of the most contagious diseases—is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite a high vaccination rate, Korea recently experienced a resurgence of pertussis. This study explores patterns and possible explanations for this resurgence through an age-period-cohort analysis. METHODS: Using secondary data from the infectious disease portal of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Korea Statistical Information Service of Statistics Korea, this study analyzed the incidence of pertussis in Korea to determine which factors contributed to the recent increase using an age-period-cohort model. RESULTS: Analysis of the age effect indicated that the age group most vulnerable to pertussis was 0-year to 2-year-olds. Analysis of the period effect showed a sharp increase in the incidence rate after 2016. Analysis of the cohort effect showed a significant decrease in incidence beginning with the 1955 birth cohort, with the risk increasing again with the 2000s birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies have suggested 3 main possible explanations for our results. First, the increased incidence rate can be attributed to contact rates. Second, the rate of immunity through natural exposure has decreased due to the low number of circulating pathogens, in turn affecting the trend of infection. Lastly, variations in pathogens may have also contributed to the increase in incidence. Given that the most significant increase in incidence was observed among infants younger than 1 year old, sufficient maternal immunity must be prioritized to provide passive immunity to newborns via the placenta. Korean Society of Epidemiology 2021-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8666685/ /pubmed/34412447 http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021053 Text en ©2021, Korean Society of Epidemiology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Kim, Chanhee
Yi, Seonju
Cho, Sung-il
Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
title Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
title_full Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
title_fullStr Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
title_full_unstemmed Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
title_short Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
title_sort recent increase in pertussis incidence in korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8666685/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34412447
http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021053
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