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Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have found neurocognitive deficits in adolescents following substance abuse. Predisposing risk factors may further impact vulnerability to neurocognitive deficits. Little is known about the cognitive performance of adult onset substance users compared to earlier onset user...

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Autores principales: Höijer, Irma, Ilonen, Tuula, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, Salokangas, Raimo K.R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Giovanni Fioriti Editore srl 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34909003
http://dx.doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200502
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author Höijer, Irma
Ilonen, Tuula
Löyttyniemi, Eliisa
Salokangas, Raimo K.R.
author_facet Höijer, Irma
Ilonen, Tuula
Löyttyniemi, Eliisa
Salokangas, Raimo K.R.
author_sort Höijer, Irma
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Several studies have found neurocognitive deficits in adolescents following substance abuse. Predisposing risk factors may further impact vulnerability to neurocognitive deficits. Little is known about the cognitive performance of adult onset substance users compared to earlier onset users. This study aims to explore differences in neuropsychological functioning between early (EOAs) and late onset substance abusers (LOAs) when the effects of confounding factors are controlled. METHOD: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from hospital patients. A total of 164 patients with substance use disorder (SUD) aged 19 to 65, 76 with single-drug diagnosis and 88 with multidrug diagnosis, underwent neuropsychological tests for verbal capacity, attention, speed of processing, perceptual reasoning, memory and learning, executive functioning, and inhibitory capacity. Associations between regular onset age and neuropsychological measures were analysed using in multi-way ANCOVA, and the effect of age, multiple substance abuse, education level and learning difficulties were controlled. RESULTS: Compared with LOAs, EOAs had weaker performance in the Digit Symbol test for mono-substance users. Meanwhile, compared with EOAs, LOAs had weaker performance in the Delayed Visual Memory test and the Raven test for mono-substance users, and the Block Design test for poly-substance users. From the confounding factors, early onset age of substance use is heightened among individuals with learning disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Onset age of substance use is related to the deterioration of performance in neuropsychological tests. Premorbid poor learning and inhibitory capacity may be important predisposing risk factors of SUD. Conversely, high level of education may be a protective factor for cognitive performance in patients with SUD.
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spelling pubmed-86670852021-12-13 Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients Höijer, Irma Ilonen, Tuula Löyttyniemi, Eliisa Salokangas, Raimo K.R. Clin Neuropsychiatry Research Article OBJECTIVE: Several studies have found neurocognitive deficits in adolescents following substance abuse. Predisposing risk factors may further impact vulnerability to neurocognitive deficits. Little is known about the cognitive performance of adult onset substance users compared to earlier onset users. This study aims to explore differences in neuropsychological functioning between early (EOAs) and late onset substance abusers (LOAs) when the effects of confounding factors are controlled. METHOD: Data for this cross-sectional study was collected from hospital patients. A total of 164 patients with substance use disorder (SUD) aged 19 to 65, 76 with single-drug diagnosis and 88 with multidrug diagnosis, underwent neuropsychological tests for verbal capacity, attention, speed of processing, perceptual reasoning, memory and learning, executive functioning, and inhibitory capacity. Associations between regular onset age and neuropsychological measures were analysed using in multi-way ANCOVA, and the effect of age, multiple substance abuse, education level and learning difficulties were controlled. RESULTS: Compared with LOAs, EOAs had weaker performance in the Digit Symbol test for mono-substance users. Meanwhile, compared with EOAs, LOAs had weaker performance in the Delayed Visual Memory test and the Raven test for mono-substance users, and the Block Design test for poly-substance users. From the confounding factors, early onset age of substance use is heightened among individuals with learning disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Onset age of substance use is related to the deterioration of performance in neuropsychological tests. Premorbid poor learning and inhibitory capacity may be important predisposing risk factors of SUD. Conversely, high level of education may be a protective factor for cognitive performance in patients with SUD. Giovanni Fioriti Editore srl 2020-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8667085/ /pubmed/34909003 http://dx.doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200502 Text en © 2020 Giovanni Fioriti Editore s.r.l. This is an open access article. Distribution and reproduction are permitted in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Höijer, Irma
Ilonen, Tuula
Löyttyniemi, Eliisa
Salokangas, Raimo K.R.
Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients
title Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients
title_full Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients
title_fullStr Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients
title_full_unstemmed Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients
title_short Onset Age of Substance Use and Neuropsychological Performance in Hospital Patients
title_sort onset age of substance use and neuropsychological performance in hospital patients
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34909003
http://dx.doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200502
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