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Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example
Both the Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (Clupea harengus) and the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) are examples of strong stock reduction and decline of the associated fisheries due to overfishing followed by a recovery. Cod and herring are both part of the Barents Sea ecosystem, which h...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8668721/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34938487 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8336 |
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author | Durant, Joël M. Aarvold, Leana Langangen, Øystein |
author_facet | Durant, Joël M. Aarvold, Leana Langangen, Øystein |
author_sort | Durant, Joël M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Both the Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (Clupea harengus) and the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) are examples of strong stock reduction and decline of the associated fisheries due to overfishing followed by a recovery. Cod and herring are both part of the Barents Sea ecosystem, which has experienced major warming events in the early (1920–1940) and late 20th century. While the collapse or near collapse of these stocks seems to be linked to an instability created by overfishing and climate, the difference of population dynamics before and after is not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear how the changes in population dynamics before and after the collapses are associated with biotic interactions. The combination of the availability of unique long‐term time series for herring and cod makes it a well‐suited study system to investigate the effects of collapse. We examine how species interactions may differently affect the herring and cod population dynamic before and after a collapse. Particularly we explore, using a GAM modeling approach, how herring could affect cod and vice versa. We found that the effect of cod biomass on herring that was generally positive (i.e., covariation) but the effect became negative after the collapse (i.e., predation or competition). Likewise a change occurred for the cod, the juvenile herring biomass that had no effect before the collapse had a negative effect after. Our results indicate that the population collapses may alter the inter‐specific interactions and response to abiotic environmental changes. While the stocks are at similar abundance levels before and after the collapses, the system is potentially different in its functioning and may require different management action. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8668721 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86687212021-12-21 Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example Durant, Joël M. Aarvold, Leana Langangen, Øystein Ecol Evol Research Articles Both the Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (Clupea harengus) and the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) are examples of strong stock reduction and decline of the associated fisheries due to overfishing followed by a recovery. Cod and herring are both part of the Barents Sea ecosystem, which has experienced major warming events in the early (1920–1940) and late 20th century. While the collapse or near collapse of these stocks seems to be linked to an instability created by overfishing and climate, the difference of population dynamics before and after is not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear how the changes in population dynamics before and after the collapses are associated with biotic interactions. The combination of the availability of unique long‐term time series for herring and cod makes it a well‐suited study system to investigate the effects of collapse. We examine how species interactions may differently affect the herring and cod population dynamic before and after a collapse. Particularly we explore, using a GAM modeling approach, how herring could affect cod and vice versa. We found that the effect of cod biomass on herring that was generally positive (i.e., covariation) but the effect became negative after the collapse (i.e., predation or competition). Likewise a change occurred for the cod, the juvenile herring biomass that had no effect before the collapse had a negative effect after. Our results indicate that the population collapses may alter the inter‐specific interactions and response to abiotic environmental changes. While the stocks are at similar abundance levels before and after the collapses, the system is potentially different in its functioning and may require different management action. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8668721/ /pubmed/34938487 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8336 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Durant, Joël M. Aarvold, Leana Langangen, Øystein Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example |
title | Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example |
title_full | Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example |
title_fullStr | Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example |
title_full_unstemmed | Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example |
title_short | Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example |
title_sort | stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: cod and herring in the norwegian‐barents seas system as an example |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8668721/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34938487 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8336 |
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