Cargando…
Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage
The Andvord fjord in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is known for its productivity and abundant megafauna. Nevertheless, seasonal patterns of the molecular diversity and abundance of protistan community members underpinning WAP productivity remain poorly resolved. We performed spring and fall exp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669470/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34903046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 |
_version_ | 1784614784654639104 |
---|---|
author | Hamilton, Maria Mascioni, Martina Hehenberger, Elisabeth Bachy, Charles Yung, Charmaine Vernet, Maria Worden, Alexandra Z. |
author_facet | Hamilton, Maria Mascioni, Martina Hehenberger, Elisabeth Bachy, Charles Yung, Charmaine Vernet, Maria Worden, Alexandra Z. |
author_sort | Hamilton, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Andvord fjord in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is known for its productivity and abundant megafauna. Nevertheless, seasonal patterns of the molecular diversity and abundance of protistan community members underpinning WAP productivity remain poorly resolved. We performed spring and fall expeditions pursuing protistan diversity, abundance of photosynthetic taxa, and the connection to changing conditions. 18S rRNA amplicon sequence variant (ASV) profiles revealed diverse predatory protists spanning multiple eukaryotic supergroups, alongside enigmatic heterotrophs like the Picozoa. Among photosynthetic protists, cryptophyte contributions were notable. Analysis of plastid-derived 16S rRNA ASVs supported 18S ASV results, including a dichotomy between cryptophytes and diatom contributions previously reported in other Antarctic regions. We demonstrate that stramenopile and cryptophyte community structures have distinct attributes. Photosynthetic stramenopiles exhibit high diversity, with the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, unidentified Chaetoceros species, and others being prominent. Conversely, ASV analyses followed by environmental full-length rRNA gene sequencing, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry revealed that a novel alga dominates the cryptophytes. Phylogenetic analyses established that TPG clade VII, as named here, is evolutionarily distinct from cultivated cryptophyte lineages. Additionally, cryptophyte cell abundance correlated with increased water temperature. Analyses of global data sets showed that clade VII dominates cryptophyte ASVs at Southern Ocean sites and appears to be endemic, whereas in the Arctic and elsewhere, Teleaulax amphioxeia and Plagioselmis prolonga dominate, although both were undetected in Antarctic waters. Collectively, our studies provide baseline data against which future change can be assessed, identify different diversification patterns between stramenopiles and cryptophytes, and highlight an evolutionarily distinct cryptophyte clade that thrives under conditions enhanced by warming. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8669470 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86694702021-12-16 Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage Hamilton, Maria Mascioni, Martina Hehenberger, Elisabeth Bachy, Charles Yung, Charmaine Vernet, Maria Worden, Alexandra Z. mBio Research Article The Andvord fjord in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is known for its productivity and abundant megafauna. Nevertheless, seasonal patterns of the molecular diversity and abundance of protistan community members underpinning WAP productivity remain poorly resolved. We performed spring and fall expeditions pursuing protistan diversity, abundance of photosynthetic taxa, and the connection to changing conditions. 18S rRNA amplicon sequence variant (ASV) profiles revealed diverse predatory protists spanning multiple eukaryotic supergroups, alongside enigmatic heterotrophs like the Picozoa. Among photosynthetic protists, cryptophyte contributions were notable. Analysis of plastid-derived 16S rRNA ASVs supported 18S ASV results, including a dichotomy between cryptophytes and diatom contributions previously reported in other Antarctic regions. We demonstrate that stramenopile and cryptophyte community structures have distinct attributes. Photosynthetic stramenopiles exhibit high diversity, with the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, unidentified Chaetoceros species, and others being prominent. Conversely, ASV analyses followed by environmental full-length rRNA gene sequencing, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry revealed that a novel alga dominates the cryptophytes. Phylogenetic analyses established that TPG clade VII, as named here, is evolutionarily distinct from cultivated cryptophyte lineages. Additionally, cryptophyte cell abundance correlated with increased water temperature. Analyses of global data sets showed that clade VII dominates cryptophyte ASVs at Southern Ocean sites and appears to be endemic, whereas in the Arctic and elsewhere, Teleaulax amphioxeia and Plagioselmis prolonga dominate, although both were undetected in Antarctic waters. Collectively, our studies provide baseline data against which future change can be assessed, identify different diversification patterns between stramenopiles and cryptophytes, and highlight an evolutionarily distinct cryptophyte clade that thrives under conditions enhanced by warming. American Society for Microbiology 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8669470/ /pubmed/34903046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hamilton et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hamilton, Maria Mascioni, Martina Hehenberger, Elisabeth Bachy, Charles Yung, Charmaine Vernet, Maria Worden, Alexandra Z. Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title | Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_full | Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_short | Spatiotemporal Variations in Antarctic Protistan Communities Highlight Phytoplankton Diversity and Seasonal Dominance by a Novel Cryptophyte Lineage |
title_sort | spatiotemporal variations in antarctic protistan communities highlight phytoplankton diversity and seasonal dominance by a novel cryptophyte lineage |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669470/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34903046 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02973-21 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hamiltonmaria spatiotemporalvariationsinantarcticprotistancommunitieshighlightphytoplanktondiversityandseasonaldominancebyanovelcryptophytelineage AT mascionimartina spatiotemporalvariationsinantarcticprotistancommunitieshighlightphytoplanktondiversityandseasonaldominancebyanovelcryptophytelineage AT hehenbergerelisabeth spatiotemporalvariationsinantarcticprotistancommunitieshighlightphytoplanktondiversityandseasonaldominancebyanovelcryptophytelineage AT bachycharles spatiotemporalvariationsinantarcticprotistancommunitieshighlightphytoplanktondiversityandseasonaldominancebyanovelcryptophytelineage AT yungcharmaine spatiotemporalvariationsinantarcticprotistancommunitieshighlightphytoplanktondiversityandseasonaldominancebyanovelcryptophytelineage AT vernetmaria spatiotemporalvariationsinantarcticprotistancommunitieshighlightphytoplanktondiversityandseasonaldominancebyanovelcryptophytelineage AT wordenalexandraz spatiotemporalvariationsinantarcticprotistancommunitieshighlightphytoplanktondiversityandseasonaldominancebyanovelcryptophytelineage |