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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity

Most focal seizures originate in the temporal lobe and are commonly divided into mesial and lateral temporal epilepsy, depending upon the neuronal circuitry involved. The hallmark features of the mesial temporal epilepsy are aura, unconsciousness, and automatisms. Symptoms often overlap with the lat...

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Autores principales: Vinti, Valerio, Dell'Isola, Giovanni Battista, Tascini, Giorgia, Mencaroni, Elisabetta, Cara, Giuseppe Di, Striano, Pasquale, Verrotti, Alberto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34917019
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.775781
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author Vinti, Valerio
Dell'Isola, Giovanni Battista
Tascini, Giorgia
Mencaroni, Elisabetta
Cara, Giuseppe Di
Striano, Pasquale
Verrotti, Alberto
author_facet Vinti, Valerio
Dell'Isola, Giovanni Battista
Tascini, Giorgia
Mencaroni, Elisabetta
Cara, Giuseppe Di
Striano, Pasquale
Verrotti, Alberto
author_sort Vinti, Valerio
collection PubMed
description Most focal seizures originate in the temporal lobe and are commonly divided into mesial and lateral temporal epilepsy, depending upon the neuronal circuitry involved. The hallmark features of the mesial temporal epilepsy are aura, unconsciousness, and automatisms. Symptoms often overlap with the lateral temporal epilepsy. However, the latter present a less evident psychomotor arrest, frequent clones and dystonic postures, and common focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Sclerosis of the hippocampus is the most frequent cause of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). TLE is among all epilepsies the most frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidity. Anxiety, depression, and interictal dysphoria are recurrent psychiatric disorders in pediatric patients with TLE. In addition, these alterations are often combined with cognitive, learning, and behavioral impairment. These comorbidities occur more frequently in TLE with hippocampal sclerosis and with pharmacoresistance. According to the bidirectional hypothesis, the close relationship between TLE and psychiatric features should lead to considering common pathophysiology underlying these disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities considerably reduce the quality of life of these children and their families. Thus, early detection and appropriate management and therapeutic strategies could improve the prognosis of these patients. The aim of this review is to analyze TLE correlation with psychiatric disorders and its underlying conditions.
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spelling pubmed-86699482021-12-15 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity Vinti, Valerio Dell'Isola, Giovanni Battista Tascini, Giorgia Mencaroni, Elisabetta Cara, Giuseppe Di Striano, Pasquale Verrotti, Alberto Front Neurol Neurology Most focal seizures originate in the temporal lobe and are commonly divided into mesial and lateral temporal epilepsy, depending upon the neuronal circuitry involved. The hallmark features of the mesial temporal epilepsy are aura, unconsciousness, and automatisms. Symptoms often overlap with the lateral temporal epilepsy. However, the latter present a less evident psychomotor arrest, frequent clones and dystonic postures, and common focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Sclerosis of the hippocampus is the most frequent cause of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). TLE is among all epilepsies the most frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidity. Anxiety, depression, and interictal dysphoria are recurrent psychiatric disorders in pediatric patients with TLE. In addition, these alterations are often combined with cognitive, learning, and behavioral impairment. These comorbidities occur more frequently in TLE with hippocampal sclerosis and with pharmacoresistance. According to the bidirectional hypothesis, the close relationship between TLE and psychiatric features should lead to considering common pathophysiology underlying these disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities considerably reduce the quality of life of these children and their families. Thus, early detection and appropriate management and therapeutic strategies could improve the prognosis of these patients. The aim of this review is to analyze TLE correlation with psychiatric disorders and its underlying conditions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8669948/ /pubmed/34917019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.775781 Text en Copyright © 2021 Vinti, Dell'Isola, Tascini, Mencaroni, Cara, Striano and Verrotti. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Vinti, Valerio
Dell'Isola, Giovanni Battista
Tascini, Giorgia
Mencaroni, Elisabetta
Cara, Giuseppe Di
Striano, Pasquale
Verrotti, Alberto
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity
title Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity
title_full Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity
title_fullStr Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity
title_full_unstemmed Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity
title_short Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity
title_sort temporal lobe epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidity
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34917019
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.775781
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