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Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane

Herpes simplex virus capsids are assembled and packaged in the nucleus and move by diffusion through the nucleoplasm to the nuclear envelope for egress. Analyzing their motion provides conclusions not only on capsid transport but also on the properties of the nuclear environment during infection. We...

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Autores principales: Aho, Vesa, Salminen, Sami, Mattola, Salla, Gupta, Alka, Flomm, Felix, Sodeik, Beate, Bosse, Jens B., Vihinen-Ranta, Maija
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8673650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34910768
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010132
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author Aho, Vesa
Salminen, Sami
Mattola, Salla
Gupta, Alka
Flomm, Felix
Sodeik, Beate
Bosse, Jens B.
Vihinen-Ranta, Maija
author_facet Aho, Vesa
Salminen, Sami
Mattola, Salla
Gupta, Alka
Flomm, Felix
Sodeik, Beate
Bosse, Jens B.
Vihinen-Ranta, Maija
author_sort Aho, Vesa
collection PubMed
description Herpes simplex virus capsids are assembled and packaged in the nucleus and move by diffusion through the nucleoplasm to the nuclear envelope for egress. Analyzing their motion provides conclusions not only on capsid transport but also on the properties of the nuclear environment during infection. We utilized live-cell imaging and single-particle tracking to characterize capsid motion relative to the host chromatin. The data indicate that as the chromatin was marginalized toward the nuclear envelope it presented a restrictive barrier to the capsids. However, later in infection this barrier became more permissive and the probability of capsids to enter the chromatin increased. Thus, although chromatin marginalization initially restricted capsid transport to the nuclear envelope, a structural reorganization of the chromatin counteracted that to promote capsid transport later. Analyses of capsid motion revealed that it was subdiffusive, and that the diffusion coefficients were lower in the chromatin than in regions lacking chromatin. In addition, the diffusion coefficient in both regions increased during infection. Throughout the infection, the capsids were never enriched at the nuclear envelope, which suggests that instead of nuclear export the transport through the chromatin is the rate-limiting step for the nuclear egress of capsids. This provides motivation for further studies by validating the importance of intranuclear transport to the life cycle of HSV-1.
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spelling pubmed-86736502021-12-16 Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane Aho, Vesa Salminen, Sami Mattola, Salla Gupta, Alka Flomm, Felix Sodeik, Beate Bosse, Jens B. Vihinen-Ranta, Maija PLoS Pathog Research Article Herpes simplex virus capsids are assembled and packaged in the nucleus and move by diffusion through the nucleoplasm to the nuclear envelope for egress. Analyzing their motion provides conclusions not only on capsid transport but also on the properties of the nuclear environment during infection. We utilized live-cell imaging and single-particle tracking to characterize capsid motion relative to the host chromatin. The data indicate that as the chromatin was marginalized toward the nuclear envelope it presented a restrictive barrier to the capsids. However, later in infection this barrier became more permissive and the probability of capsids to enter the chromatin increased. Thus, although chromatin marginalization initially restricted capsid transport to the nuclear envelope, a structural reorganization of the chromatin counteracted that to promote capsid transport later. Analyses of capsid motion revealed that it was subdiffusive, and that the diffusion coefficients were lower in the chromatin than in regions lacking chromatin. In addition, the diffusion coefficient in both regions increased during infection. Throughout the infection, the capsids were never enriched at the nuclear envelope, which suggests that instead of nuclear export the transport through the chromatin is the rate-limiting step for the nuclear egress of capsids. This provides motivation for further studies by validating the importance of intranuclear transport to the life cycle of HSV-1. Public Library of Science 2021-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8673650/ /pubmed/34910768 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010132 Text en © 2021 Aho et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Aho, Vesa
Salminen, Sami
Mattola, Salla
Gupta, Alka
Flomm, Felix
Sodeik, Beate
Bosse, Jens B.
Vihinen-Ranta, Maija
Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane
title Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane
title_full Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane
title_fullStr Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane
title_full_unstemmed Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane
title_short Infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane
title_sort infection-induced chromatin modifications facilitate translocation of herpes simplex virus capsids to the inner nuclear membrane
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8673650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34910768
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010132
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