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Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the incidence and risk factors of gout differs according to sex. However, little research has been done on the association between reproductive factors and gout. We conducted an analysis of a large nationwide population-based cohort of postmenopausal wome...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8675498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34915918 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02701-w |
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author | Eun, Yeonghee Kim, In-Young Han, Kyungdo Lee, Kyu Na Lee, Dong-Yun Shin, Dong Wook Kang, Seonyoung Lee, Seulkee Cha, Hoon-Suk Koh, Eun-Mi Lee, Jaejoon Kim, Hyungjin |
author_facet | Eun, Yeonghee Kim, In-Young Han, Kyungdo Lee, Kyu Na Lee, Dong-Yun Shin, Dong Wook Kang, Seonyoung Lee, Seulkee Cha, Hoon-Suk Koh, Eun-Mi Lee, Jaejoon Kim, Hyungjin |
author_sort | Eun, Yeonghee |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the incidence and risk factors of gout differs according to sex. However, little research has been done on the association between reproductive factors and gout. We conducted an analysis of a large nationwide population-based cohort of postmenopausal women to determine whether there is an association between reproductive factors and the incidence of gout. METHODS: A total of 1,076,378 postmenopausal women aged 40–69 years who participated in national health screenings in 2009 were included in the study. The outcome was the occurrence of incident gout, which was defined using the ICD-10 code of gout (M10) in the claim database. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses and stratified analyses according to body mass index (BMI) and the presence/absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were performed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 8.1 years, and incident cases of gout were 64,052 (incidence rate 7.31 per 1000 person-years). Later menarche, earlier menopause, and a shorter reproductive span were associated with a high risk of gout. No association between parity and gout incidence was observed. Use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were associated with an increased risk of gout. The association between reproductive factors and gout was not statistical significant in the high BMI group. The effects of OC and HRT usage on gout were not significant in the CKD group. CONCLUSION: Shorter exposure to endogenous estrogen was associated with a high risk of gout. Conversely, exposure to exogenous estrogen such as OC and HRT was associated with an increased risk of gout. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02701-w. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8675498 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86754982021-12-20 Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women Eun, Yeonghee Kim, In-Young Han, Kyungdo Lee, Kyu Na Lee, Dong-Yun Shin, Dong Wook Kang, Seonyoung Lee, Seulkee Cha, Hoon-Suk Koh, Eun-Mi Lee, Jaejoon Kim, Hyungjin Arthritis Res Ther Research Article BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the incidence and risk factors of gout differs according to sex. However, little research has been done on the association between reproductive factors and gout. We conducted an analysis of a large nationwide population-based cohort of postmenopausal women to determine whether there is an association between reproductive factors and the incidence of gout. METHODS: A total of 1,076,378 postmenopausal women aged 40–69 years who participated in national health screenings in 2009 were included in the study. The outcome was the occurrence of incident gout, which was defined using the ICD-10 code of gout (M10) in the claim database. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses and stratified analyses according to body mass index (BMI) and the presence/absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were performed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 8.1 years, and incident cases of gout were 64,052 (incidence rate 7.31 per 1000 person-years). Later menarche, earlier menopause, and a shorter reproductive span were associated with a high risk of gout. No association between parity and gout incidence was observed. Use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were associated with an increased risk of gout. The association between reproductive factors and gout was not statistical significant in the high BMI group. The effects of OC and HRT usage on gout were not significant in the CKD group. CONCLUSION: Shorter exposure to endogenous estrogen was associated with a high risk of gout. Conversely, exposure to exogenous estrogen such as OC and HRT was associated with an increased risk of gout. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02701-w. BioMed Central 2021-12-16 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8675498/ /pubmed/34915918 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02701-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Eun, Yeonghee Kim, In-Young Han, Kyungdo Lee, Kyu Na Lee, Dong-Yun Shin, Dong Wook Kang, Seonyoung Lee, Seulkee Cha, Hoon-Suk Koh, Eun-Mi Lee, Jaejoon Kim, Hyungjin Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women |
title | Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women |
title_full | Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women |
title_fullStr | Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women |
title_full_unstemmed | Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women |
title_short | Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women |
title_sort | association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8675498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34915918 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02701-w |
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