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How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from inoperable drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a complete understanding of the mediators involved in the antiepileptic effects of VNS and their complex interactions is lacking, VNS is known to trigger the release of n...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8675889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.790943 |
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author | Berger, Alexandre Vespa, Simone Dricot, Laurence Dumoulin, Manon Iachim, Evelina Doguet, Pascal Vandewalle, Gilles El Tahry, Riëm |
author_facet | Berger, Alexandre Vespa, Simone Dricot, Laurence Dumoulin, Manon Iachim, Evelina Doguet, Pascal Vandewalle, Gilles El Tahry, Riëm |
author_sort | Berger, Alexandre |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from inoperable drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a complete understanding of the mediators involved in the antiepileptic effects of VNS and their complex interactions is lacking, VNS is known to trigger the release of neurotransmitters that have seizure-suppressing effects. In particular, norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that has been associated with the clinical effects of VNS by preventing seizure development and by inducing long-term plastic changes that could restore a normal function of the brain circuitry. However, the biological requisites to become responder to VNS are still unknown. In this review, we report evidence of the critical involvement of NE in the antiepileptic effects of VNS in rodents and humans. Moreover, we emphasize the hypothesis that the functional integrity of the noradrenergic system could be a determining factor to obtain clinical benefits from the therapy. Finally, encouraging avenues of research involving NE in VNS treatment are discussed. These could lead to the personalization of the stimulation parameters to maximize the antiepileptic effects and potentially improve the response rate to the therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8675889 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86758892021-12-17 How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation? Berger, Alexandre Vespa, Simone Dricot, Laurence Dumoulin, Manon Iachim, Evelina Doguet, Pascal Vandewalle, Gilles El Tahry, Riëm Front Neurosci Neuroscience Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from inoperable drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a complete understanding of the mediators involved in the antiepileptic effects of VNS and their complex interactions is lacking, VNS is known to trigger the release of neurotransmitters that have seizure-suppressing effects. In particular, norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that has been associated with the clinical effects of VNS by preventing seizure development and by inducing long-term plastic changes that could restore a normal function of the brain circuitry. However, the biological requisites to become responder to VNS are still unknown. In this review, we report evidence of the critical involvement of NE in the antiepileptic effects of VNS in rodents and humans. Moreover, we emphasize the hypothesis that the functional integrity of the noradrenergic system could be a determining factor to obtain clinical benefits from the therapy. Finally, encouraging avenues of research involving NE in VNS treatment are discussed. These could lead to the personalization of the stimulation parameters to maximize the antiepileptic effects and potentially improve the response rate to the therapy. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8675889/ /pubmed/34924947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.790943 Text en Copyright © 2021 Berger, Vespa, Dricot, Dumoulin, Iachim, Doguet, Vandewalle and El Tahry. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Berger, Alexandre Vespa, Simone Dricot, Laurence Dumoulin, Manon Iachim, Evelina Doguet, Pascal Vandewalle, Gilles El Tahry, Riëm How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation? |
title | How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation? |
title_full | How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation? |
title_fullStr | How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation? |
title_full_unstemmed | How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation? |
title_short | How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation? |
title_sort | how is the norepinephrine system involved in the antiepileptic effects of vagus nerve stimulation? |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8675889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924947 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.790943 |
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