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Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes
Early-life adversity (ELA), often clinically referred to as “adverse childhood experiences (ACE),” is the exposure to stress-inducing events in childhood that can result in poor health outcomes. ELA negatively affects neurodevelopment in children and adolescents resulting in several behavioral defic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678604/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786234 |
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author | Milbocker, Katrina A. Campbell, Taylor S. Collins, Nicholas Kim, SuHyeong Smith, Ian F. Roth, Tania L. Klintsova, Anna Y. |
author_facet | Milbocker, Katrina A. Campbell, Taylor S. Collins, Nicholas Kim, SuHyeong Smith, Ian F. Roth, Tania L. Klintsova, Anna Y. |
author_sort | Milbocker, Katrina A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Early-life adversity (ELA), often clinically referred to as “adverse childhood experiences (ACE),” is the exposure to stress-inducing events in childhood that can result in poor health outcomes. ELA negatively affects neurodevelopment in children and adolescents resulting in several behavioral deficits and increasing the risk of developing a myriad of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. The neurobiological mechanisms by which ELA alters neurodevelopment in childhood have been the focus of numerous reviews. However, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms affecting adolescent neurodevelopment (i.e., synaptic pruning and myelination) is lacking. Synaptic pruning and myelination are glia-driven processes that are imperative for brain circuit refinement during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Failure to optimize brain circuitry between key brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, leads to the emergence of maladaptive behaviors including increased anxiety or reduced executive function. As such, we review preclinical and clinical literature to explore the immediate and lasting effects of ELA on brain circuit development and refinement. Finally, we describe a number of therapeutic interventions best-suited to support adolescent neurodevelopment in children with a history of ELA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8678604 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86786042021-12-18 Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes Milbocker, Katrina A. Campbell, Taylor S. Collins, Nicholas Kim, SuHyeong Smith, Ian F. Roth, Tania L. Klintsova, Anna Y. Front Behav Neurosci Behavioral Neuroscience Early-life adversity (ELA), often clinically referred to as “adverse childhood experiences (ACE),” is the exposure to stress-inducing events in childhood that can result in poor health outcomes. ELA negatively affects neurodevelopment in children and adolescents resulting in several behavioral deficits and increasing the risk of developing a myriad of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. The neurobiological mechanisms by which ELA alters neurodevelopment in childhood have been the focus of numerous reviews. However, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms affecting adolescent neurodevelopment (i.e., synaptic pruning and myelination) is lacking. Synaptic pruning and myelination are glia-driven processes that are imperative for brain circuit refinement during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Failure to optimize brain circuitry between key brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, leads to the emergence of maladaptive behaviors including increased anxiety or reduced executive function. As such, we review preclinical and clinical literature to explore the immediate and lasting effects of ELA on brain circuit development and refinement. Finally, we describe a number of therapeutic interventions best-suited to support adolescent neurodevelopment in children with a history of ELA. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8678604/ /pubmed/34924972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786234 Text en Copyright © 2021 Milbocker, Campbell, Collins, Kim, Smith, Roth and Klintsova. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Behavioral Neuroscience Milbocker, Katrina A. Campbell, Taylor S. Collins, Nicholas Kim, SuHyeong Smith, Ian F. Roth, Tania L. Klintsova, Anna Y. Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes |
title | Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes |
title_full | Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes |
title_fullStr | Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes |
title_full_unstemmed | Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes |
title_short | Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes |
title_sort | glia-driven brain circuit refinement is altered by early-life adversity: behavioral outcomes |
topic | Behavioral Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678604/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34924972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786234 |
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