Serum magnesium level as a predictor of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Decreased serum magnesium (Mg(2+)) is commonly seen in critically ill patients. Hypomagnesemia is significantly more frequent in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with an extremely high mortality. The association underlying serum Mg(2+) and AKI in AP has not been elucidated. AIM: To explore the association between serum Mg(2+) on admission and AKI in patients with AP. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of patients (n = 233) with AP without any renal injury before admission to our center from August 2015 to February 2019. Demographic characteristics on admission, severity score, laboratory values and in-hospital mortality were compared between patients with and without AKI. RESULTS: A total of 233 patients were included for analysis, including 85 with AKI. Compared to patients without AKI, serum Mg(2+) level was significantly lower in patients with AKI at admission [OR = 6.070, 95%CI: 3.374-10.921, P < 0.001]. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that lower serum Mg(2+ )was an independent risk factor for AKI [OR = 8.47, 95%CI: 3.02-23.72, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Our analysis indicates that serum Mg(2+ )level at admission is independently associated with the development of AKI in patients with AP and may be a potential prognostic factor.