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Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions

The exposure to environmental variations in pH and temperature has proven impacts on benthic ectotherms calcifiers, as evidenced by tradeoffs between physiological processes. However, how these stressors affect structure and functionality of mollusk shells has received less attention. Episodic event...

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Autores principales: Lagos, Nelson A., Benítez, Samanta, Grenier, Cristian, Rodriguez-Navarro, Alejandro B., García-Herrera, Claudio, Abarca-Ortega, Aldo, Vivanco, Juan F., Benjumeda, Isabel, Vargas, Cristian A., Duarte, Cristian, Lardies, Marco A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8683433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34921187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03532-0
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author Lagos, Nelson A.
Benítez, Samanta
Grenier, Cristian
Rodriguez-Navarro, Alejandro B.
García-Herrera, Claudio
Abarca-Ortega, Aldo
Vivanco, Juan F.
Benjumeda, Isabel
Vargas, Cristian A.
Duarte, Cristian
Lardies, Marco A.
author_facet Lagos, Nelson A.
Benítez, Samanta
Grenier, Cristian
Rodriguez-Navarro, Alejandro B.
García-Herrera, Claudio
Abarca-Ortega, Aldo
Vivanco, Juan F.
Benjumeda, Isabel
Vargas, Cristian A.
Duarte, Cristian
Lardies, Marco A.
author_sort Lagos, Nelson A.
collection PubMed
description The exposure to environmental variations in pH and temperature has proven impacts on benthic ectotherms calcifiers, as evidenced by tradeoffs between physiological processes. However, how these stressors affect structure and functionality of mollusk shells has received less attention. Episodic events of upwelling of deep cold and low pH waters are well documented in eastern boundary systems and may be stressful to mollusks, impairing both physiological and biomechanical performance. These events are projected to become more intense, and extensive in time with ongoing global warming. In this study, we evaluate the independent and interactive effects of temperature and pH on the biomineral and biomechanical properties of Argopecten purpuratus scallop shells. Total organic matter in the shell mineral increased under reduced pH (~ 7.7) and control conditions (pH ~ 8.0). The periostracum layer coating the outer shell surface showed increased protein content under low pH conditions but decreasing sulfate and polysaccharides content. Reduced pH negatively impacts shell density and increases the disorder in the orientation of calcite crystals. At elevated temperatures (18 °C), shell microhardness increased. Other biomechanical properties were not affected by pH/temperature treatments. Thus, under a reduction of 0.3 pH units and low temperature, the response of A. purpuratus was a tradeoff among organic compounds (biopolymer plasticity), density, and crystal organization (mineral plasticity) to maintain shell biomechanical performance, while increased temperature ameliorated the impacts on shell hardness. Biopolymer plasticity was associated with ecophysiological performance, indicating that, under the influence of natural fluctuations in pH and temperature, energetic constraints might be critical in modulating the long-term sustainability of this compensatory mechanism.
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spelling pubmed-86834332021-12-20 Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions Lagos, Nelson A. Benítez, Samanta Grenier, Cristian Rodriguez-Navarro, Alejandro B. García-Herrera, Claudio Abarca-Ortega, Aldo Vivanco, Juan F. Benjumeda, Isabel Vargas, Cristian A. Duarte, Cristian Lardies, Marco A. Sci Rep Article The exposure to environmental variations in pH and temperature has proven impacts on benthic ectotherms calcifiers, as evidenced by tradeoffs between physiological processes. However, how these stressors affect structure and functionality of mollusk shells has received less attention. Episodic events of upwelling of deep cold and low pH waters are well documented in eastern boundary systems and may be stressful to mollusks, impairing both physiological and biomechanical performance. These events are projected to become more intense, and extensive in time with ongoing global warming. In this study, we evaluate the independent and interactive effects of temperature and pH on the biomineral and biomechanical properties of Argopecten purpuratus scallop shells. Total organic matter in the shell mineral increased under reduced pH (~ 7.7) and control conditions (pH ~ 8.0). The periostracum layer coating the outer shell surface showed increased protein content under low pH conditions but decreasing sulfate and polysaccharides content. Reduced pH negatively impacts shell density and increases the disorder in the orientation of calcite crystals. At elevated temperatures (18 °C), shell microhardness increased. Other biomechanical properties were not affected by pH/temperature treatments. Thus, under a reduction of 0.3 pH units and low temperature, the response of A. purpuratus was a tradeoff among organic compounds (biopolymer plasticity), density, and crystal organization (mineral plasticity) to maintain shell biomechanical performance, while increased temperature ameliorated the impacts on shell hardness. Biopolymer plasticity was associated with ecophysiological performance, indicating that, under the influence of natural fluctuations in pH and temperature, energetic constraints might be critical in modulating the long-term sustainability of this compensatory mechanism. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8683433/ /pubmed/34921187 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03532-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Lagos, Nelson A.
Benítez, Samanta
Grenier, Cristian
Rodriguez-Navarro, Alejandro B.
García-Herrera, Claudio
Abarca-Ortega, Aldo
Vivanco, Juan F.
Benjumeda, Isabel
Vargas, Cristian A.
Duarte, Cristian
Lardies, Marco A.
Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions
title Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions
title_full Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions
title_fullStr Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions
title_full_unstemmed Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions
title_short Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions
title_sort plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and ph conditions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8683433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34921187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03532-0
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