AEBP1 Is One of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Regulatory Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in various tumor processes, including tumorigenesis, tumor cell migration and metastasis, tumor stemness, and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, it is important to identify the genes most associated with EMT and develop them as therapeutic targets. In this work, we first analyzed EMT hallmark gene expression profiles among 10,535 pan-cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and divided them into EMT high and EMT low groups according to the metagene scores. Then, we identified 12 genes that were most associated with high EMT metagene score (R > 0.9) in 329 colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. Among them, only 4 genes (AEBP1, KCNE4, GFPT2, and FAM26E) had statistically significant differences in prognosis (P < 0.05). Next, we selected AEBP1 as a candidate and showed that AEBP1 mRNA levels and EMT biomarkers strongly coexpressed in 329 COAD samples. In addition, AEBP1 was highly expressed and associated with poor clinical outcomes and prognosis in COAD patients. Finally, to explore whether AEBP1-mediated EMT was related to the tumor microenvironment (TME), we examined AEBP1 expression levels at the single-cell levels. Our results showed that AEBP1 levels were extremely high in tumor-associated fibroblasts, which may induce EMT. AEBP1 expression was also positively correlated with the expression of fibroblast biomarkers and also with EMT metascores, suggesting that AEBP1-mediated EMT may be associated with the stimulation of fibroblast activation. Therefore, AEBP1 may be a promising target for EMT inhibition, which reduces cancer metastasis and drug resistance in COAD patients.