Robust multi‐objective blood glucose control in Type‐1 diabetic patient

In this study, an automatic robust multi‐objective controller has been proposed for blood glucose (BG) regulation in Type‐1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM) patient through subcutaneous route. The main objective of this work is to control the BG level in T1DM patient in the presence of unannounced meal disturbances and other external noises with a minimum amount of insulin infusion rate. The multi‐objective output‐feedback controller with H(∞), H(2) and pole‐placement constraints has been designed using linear matrix inequality technique. The designed controller for subcutaneous insulin delivery was tested on in silico adult and adolescent subjects of UVa/Padova T1DM metabolic simulator. The experimental results show that the closed‐loop system tracks the reference BG level very well and does not show any hypoglycaemia effect even during the long gap of a meal at night both for in silico adults and adolescent. In the presence of 50 gm meal disturbance, average adult experience normoglycaemia 92% of the total simulation time and hypoglycaemia 0% of total simulation time. The robustness of the controller has been tested in the presence of irregular meals and insulin pump noise and error. The controller yielded robust performance with a lesser amount of insulin infusion rate than the other designed controllers reported earlier.