Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Risk of Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the TyG index in the occurrence of periodontitis among the United States (US) population. METHODS: We analyzed clinical data from 4813 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014. the TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Dose–response curves, univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to analyze the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between TyG index and periodontitis. In addition, we performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) for periodontitis and no periodontitis participants to further explore the relationship between TyG and periodontitis. RESULTS: A total of 4813 participants were included in our study, of which 1353 (28.1%) reported periodontitis and 3460 (71.9%) no periodontitis. The dose–response curves showed a non-linear positive association between TyG and periodontitis, with the risk of periodontitis increased with increasing TyG. In addition, similar results were still observed after subgroup analysis and PSM analysis. After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate logistic analysis showed that TyG was associated with an increased risk of periodontitis (aOR =1.153; 95% CI 1.006–1.322, p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Elevated TyG index was significantly associated with a high risk of periodontitis, and people with a high TyG index should be aware of the risk of periodontitis progression in order to establish lifestyle changes at an early stage.