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Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous clinical progress in advanced-stage malignancies. However, patients with various tumors exhibit a low response rate to immunotherapy because of a powerful immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and insufficient immunogenicity of tumors. Photodynamic t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ji, Bin, Wei, Minjie, Yang, Bin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Ivyspring International Publisher 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8690913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987658
http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.67300
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author Ji, Bin
Wei, Minjie
Yang, Bin
author_facet Ji, Bin
Wei, Minjie
Yang, Bin
author_sort Ji, Bin
collection PubMed
description Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous clinical progress in advanced-stage malignancies. However, patients with various tumors exhibit a low response rate to immunotherapy because of a powerful immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and insufficient immunogenicity of tumors. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can not only directly kill tumor cells, but also elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), providing antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, limitations from the inherent nature and complex TME significantly reduce the efficiency of PDT. Recently, smart nanomedicine-based strategies could subtly modulate the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds and the TME to optimize both PDT and immunotherapy, resulting in an improved antitumor effect. Here, the emerging nanomedicines for PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are reviewed, including hypoxia-reversed nanomedicines, nanosized metal-organic frameworks, and subcellular targeted nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, we highlight the synergistic nanotherapeutics used to amplify immune responses combined with immunotherapy against tumors. Lastly, the challenges and future expectations in the field of PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-86909132022-01-04 Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy Ji, Bin Wei, Minjie Yang, Bin Theranostics Review Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous clinical progress in advanced-stage malignancies. However, patients with various tumors exhibit a low response rate to immunotherapy because of a powerful immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and insufficient immunogenicity of tumors. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can not only directly kill tumor cells, but also elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), providing antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, limitations from the inherent nature and complex TME significantly reduce the efficiency of PDT. Recently, smart nanomedicine-based strategies could subtly modulate the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds and the TME to optimize both PDT and immunotherapy, resulting in an improved antitumor effect. Here, the emerging nanomedicines for PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are reviewed, including hypoxia-reversed nanomedicines, nanosized metal-organic frameworks, and subcellular targeted nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, we highlight the synergistic nanotherapeutics used to amplify immune responses combined with immunotherapy against tumors. Lastly, the challenges and future expectations in the field of PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are discussed. Ivyspring International Publisher 2022-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8690913/ /pubmed/34987658 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.67300 Text en © The author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
spellingShingle Review
Ji, Bin
Wei, Minjie
Yang, Bin
Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy
title Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy
title_full Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy
title_fullStr Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy
title_short Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy
title_sort recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (pdt)-driven cancer immunotherapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8690913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34987658
http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.67300
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