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Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism
INTRODUCTION: A common comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children is gastrointestinal problems, and a possible link between active gastrointestinal inflammation and autism has been suggested. Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive marker for of gastrointestinal inflammation. AIM: To...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Termedia Publishing House
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8690952/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34976244 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pg.2021.111420 |
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author | Azouz, Hanan Galal Zakaria, Nermine Hossam El-din Khalil, Ahmed Fouad Naguib, Sara Mohammad Khalil, Mona |
author_facet | Azouz, Hanan Galal Zakaria, Nermine Hossam El-din Khalil, Ahmed Fouad Naguib, Sara Mohammad Khalil, Mona |
author_sort | Azouz, Hanan Galal |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: A common comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children is gastrointestinal problems, and a possible link between active gastrointestinal inflammation and autism has been suggested. Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive marker for of gastrointestinal inflammation. AIM: To study the level of FC as a marker of bowel inflammation in children with ASD and its possible relation to gastrointestinal manifestations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Calprotectin levels were assessed in stool samples of 40 ASD children. Autism severity was assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms was assessed using a modified version of the 6-Item Gastrointestinal Severity Index (6-GSI) questionnaire. A control group of 40 healthy children matched for age and sex with the cases was also included to compare their levels of FC. RESULTS: Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 82.5% of children with autism; the most reported offensive stool odour (70%) and the least diarrhoea (17.5%), and a high 6-GSI score was observed in 35% of ASD children. FC levels were elevated in 35% of the cases and in 25% of the control group. The mean levels of FC of cases were significantly elevated compared to levels of controls. FC levels positively correlated with severity of gastrointestinal symptoms (6-GSI) in autistic patients. There was positive correlation between CARS and 6-GSI. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal manifestations are a common comorbidity in autistic patients. ASD patients have significantly higher FC levels than healthy controls. FC levels are strongly correlated with the severity of gastrointestinal manifestations in ASD children. So, gastrointestinal manifestations among autistic patients could be caused by gastrointestinal inflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8690952 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86909522021-12-30 Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism Azouz, Hanan Galal Zakaria, Nermine Hossam El-din Khalil, Ahmed Fouad Naguib, Sara Mohammad Khalil, Mona Prz Gastroenterol Original Paper INTRODUCTION: A common comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children is gastrointestinal problems, and a possible link between active gastrointestinal inflammation and autism has been suggested. Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive marker for of gastrointestinal inflammation. AIM: To study the level of FC as a marker of bowel inflammation in children with ASD and its possible relation to gastrointestinal manifestations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Calprotectin levels were assessed in stool samples of 40 ASD children. Autism severity was assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms was assessed using a modified version of the 6-Item Gastrointestinal Severity Index (6-GSI) questionnaire. A control group of 40 healthy children matched for age and sex with the cases was also included to compare their levels of FC. RESULTS: Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 82.5% of children with autism; the most reported offensive stool odour (70%) and the least diarrhoea (17.5%), and a high 6-GSI score was observed in 35% of ASD children. FC levels were elevated in 35% of the cases and in 25% of the control group. The mean levels of FC of cases were significantly elevated compared to levels of controls. FC levels positively correlated with severity of gastrointestinal symptoms (6-GSI) in autistic patients. There was positive correlation between CARS and 6-GSI. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal manifestations are a common comorbidity in autistic patients. ASD patients have significantly higher FC levels than healthy controls. FC levels are strongly correlated with the severity of gastrointestinal manifestations in ASD children. So, gastrointestinal manifestations among autistic patients could be caused by gastrointestinal inflammation. Termedia Publishing House 2021-12-02 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8690952/ /pubmed/34976244 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pg.2021.111420 Text en Copyright © 2021 Termedia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) ) |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Azouz, Hanan Galal Zakaria, Nermine Hossam El-din Khalil, Ahmed Fouad Naguib, Sara Mohammad Khalil, Mona Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism |
title | Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism |
title_full | Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism |
title_fullStr | Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism |
title_full_unstemmed | Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism |
title_short | Gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism |
title_sort | gastrointestinal manifestations and their relation to faecal calprotectin in children with autism |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8690952/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34976244 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pg.2021.111420 |
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