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UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science

The occurrence of hydrogen atom-ordered form of ice Ih, ice XI, in the outer Solar System has been discussed based on laboratory experiments because its ferroelectricity influences the physical processes in the outer Solar System. However, the formation of ice XI in that region is still unknown due...

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Autores principales: Kouchi, Akira, Kimura, Yuki, Kitajima, Kensei, Katsuno, Hiroyasu, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Oba, Yasuhiro, Tsuge, Masashi, Yamazaki, Tomoya, Fujita, Kazuyuki, Hama, Tetsuya, Takahashi, Yukihiro, Nakatsubo, Shunichi, Watanabe, Naoki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8692371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34957052
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.799851
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author Kouchi, Akira
Kimura, Yuki
Kitajima, Kensei
Katsuno, Hiroyasu
Hidaka, Hiroshi
Oba, Yasuhiro
Tsuge, Masashi
Yamazaki, Tomoya
Fujita, Kazuyuki
Hama, Tetsuya
Takahashi, Yukihiro
Nakatsubo, Shunichi
Watanabe, Naoki
author_facet Kouchi, Akira
Kimura, Yuki
Kitajima, Kensei
Katsuno, Hiroyasu
Hidaka, Hiroshi
Oba, Yasuhiro
Tsuge, Masashi
Yamazaki, Tomoya
Fujita, Kazuyuki
Hama, Tetsuya
Takahashi, Yukihiro
Nakatsubo, Shunichi
Watanabe, Naoki
author_sort Kouchi, Akira
collection PubMed
description The occurrence of hydrogen atom-ordered form of ice Ih, ice XI, in the outer Solar System has been discussed based on laboratory experiments because its ferroelectricity influences the physical processes in the outer Solar System. However, the formation of ice XI in that region is still unknown due to a lack of formation conditions at temperatures higher than 72 K and the effect of UV-rays on the phase transition from ice I to ice XI. As a result, we observed the UV-irradiation process on ice Ih and ice Ic using a newly developed ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transmission electron microscope. We found that ice Ih transformed to ice XI at temperatures between 75 and 140 K with a relatively small UV dose. Although ice Ic partially transformed to ice XI at 83 K, the rate of transformation was slower than for ice Ih. These findings point to the formation of ice XI at temperatures greater than 72 K via UV irradiation of ice I crystals in the Solar System; icy grains and the surfaces of icy satellites in the Jovian and Saturnian regions.
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spelling pubmed-86923712021-12-23 UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science Kouchi, Akira Kimura, Yuki Kitajima, Kensei Katsuno, Hiroyasu Hidaka, Hiroshi Oba, Yasuhiro Tsuge, Masashi Yamazaki, Tomoya Fujita, Kazuyuki Hama, Tetsuya Takahashi, Yukihiro Nakatsubo, Shunichi Watanabe, Naoki Front Chem Chemistry The occurrence of hydrogen atom-ordered form of ice Ih, ice XI, in the outer Solar System has been discussed based on laboratory experiments because its ferroelectricity influences the physical processes in the outer Solar System. However, the formation of ice XI in that region is still unknown due to a lack of formation conditions at temperatures higher than 72 K and the effect of UV-rays on the phase transition from ice I to ice XI. As a result, we observed the UV-irradiation process on ice Ih and ice Ic using a newly developed ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transmission electron microscope. We found that ice Ih transformed to ice XI at temperatures between 75 and 140 K with a relatively small UV dose. Although ice Ic partially transformed to ice XI at 83 K, the rate of transformation was slower than for ice Ih. These findings point to the formation of ice XI at temperatures greater than 72 K via UV irradiation of ice I crystals in the Solar System; icy grains and the surfaces of icy satellites in the Jovian and Saturnian regions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8692371/ /pubmed/34957052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.799851 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kouchi, Kimura, Kitajima, Katsuno, Hidaka, Oba, Tsuge, Yamazaki, Fujita, Hama, Takahashi, Nakatsubo and Watanabe. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Chemistry
Kouchi, Akira
Kimura, Yuki
Kitajima, Kensei
Katsuno, Hiroyasu
Hidaka, Hiroshi
Oba, Yasuhiro
Tsuge, Masashi
Yamazaki, Tomoya
Fujita, Kazuyuki
Hama, Tetsuya
Takahashi, Yukihiro
Nakatsubo, Shunichi
Watanabe, Naoki
UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
title UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
title_full UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
title_fullStr UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
title_full_unstemmed UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
title_short UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
title_sort uv-induced formation of ice xi observed using an ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transmission electron microscope and its implications for planetary science
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8692371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34957052
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.799851
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