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UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science
The occurrence of hydrogen atom-ordered form of ice Ih, ice XI, in the outer Solar System has been discussed based on laboratory experiments because its ferroelectricity influences the physical processes in the outer Solar System. However, the formation of ice XI in that region is still unknown due...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8692371/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34957052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.799851 |
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author | Kouchi, Akira Kimura, Yuki Kitajima, Kensei Katsuno, Hiroyasu Hidaka, Hiroshi Oba, Yasuhiro Tsuge, Masashi Yamazaki, Tomoya Fujita, Kazuyuki Hama, Tetsuya Takahashi, Yukihiro Nakatsubo, Shunichi Watanabe, Naoki |
author_facet | Kouchi, Akira Kimura, Yuki Kitajima, Kensei Katsuno, Hiroyasu Hidaka, Hiroshi Oba, Yasuhiro Tsuge, Masashi Yamazaki, Tomoya Fujita, Kazuyuki Hama, Tetsuya Takahashi, Yukihiro Nakatsubo, Shunichi Watanabe, Naoki |
author_sort | Kouchi, Akira |
collection | PubMed |
description | The occurrence of hydrogen atom-ordered form of ice Ih, ice XI, in the outer Solar System has been discussed based on laboratory experiments because its ferroelectricity influences the physical processes in the outer Solar System. However, the formation of ice XI in that region is still unknown due to a lack of formation conditions at temperatures higher than 72 K and the effect of UV-rays on the phase transition from ice I to ice XI. As a result, we observed the UV-irradiation process on ice Ih and ice Ic using a newly developed ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transmission electron microscope. We found that ice Ih transformed to ice XI at temperatures between 75 and 140 K with a relatively small UV dose. Although ice Ic partially transformed to ice XI at 83 K, the rate of transformation was slower than for ice Ih. These findings point to the formation of ice XI at temperatures greater than 72 K via UV irradiation of ice I crystals in the Solar System; icy grains and the surfaces of icy satellites in the Jovian and Saturnian regions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8692371 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86923712021-12-23 UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science Kouchi, Akira Kimura, Yuki Kitajima, Kensei Katsuno, Hiroyasu Hidaka, Hiroshi Oba, Yasuhiro Tsuge, Masashi Yamazaki, Tomoya Fujita, Kazuyuki Hama, Tetsuya Takahashi, Yukihiro Nakatsubo, Shunichi Watanabe, Naoki Front Chem Chemistry The occurrence of hydrogen atom-ordered form of ice Ih, ice XI, in the outer Solar System has been discussed based on laboratory experiments because its ferroelectricity influences the physical processes in the outer Solar System. However, the formation of ice XI in that region is still unknown due to a lack of formation conditions at temperatures higher than 72 K and the effect of UV-rays on the phase transition from ice I to ice XI. As a result, we observed the UV-irradiation process on ice Ih and ice Ic using a newly developed ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transmission electron microscope. We found that ice Ih transformed to ice XI at temperatures between 75 and 140 K with a relatively small UV dose. Although ice Ic partially transformed to ice XI at 83 K, the rate of transformation was slower than for ice Ih. These findings point to the formation of ice XI at temperatures greater than 72 K via UV irradiation of ice I crystals in the Solar System; icy grains and the surfaces of icy satellites in the Jovian and Saturnian regions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8692371/ /pubmed/34957052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.799851 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kouchi, Kimura, Kitajima, Katsuno, Hidaka, Oba, Tsuge, Yamazaki, Fujita, Hama, Takahashi, Nakatsubo and Watanabe. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Kouchi, Akira Kimura, Yuki Kitajima, Kensei Katsuno, Hiroyasu Hidaka, Hiroshi Oba, Yasuhiro Tsuge, Masashi Yamazaki, Tomoya Fujita, Kazuyuki Hama, Tetsuya Takahashi, Yukihiro Nakatsubo, Shunichi Watanabe, Naoki UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science |
title | UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science |
title_full | UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science |
title_fullStr | UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science |
title_full_unstemmed | UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science |
title_short | UV-Induced Formation of Ice XI Observed Using an Ultra-High Vacuum Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope and its Implications for Planetary Science |
title_sort | uv-induced formation of ice xi observed using an ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transmission electron microscope and its implications for planetary science |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8692371/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34957052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.799851 |
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