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Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?

Double Negative (DN) B cells constitute a B cell population that lacks expression of immunoglobulin D and CD27 memory marker. These cells expand in elderly healthy individuals, but also accumulate prematurely in autoimmune and infectious diseases. COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sachinidis, Athanasios, Garyfallos, Alexandros
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology (MJR) 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8693305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34964023
http://dx.doi.org/10.31138/mjr.32.3.192
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author Sachinidis, Athanasios
Garyfallos, Alexandros
author_facet Sachinidis, Athanasios
Garyfallos, Alexandros
author_sort Sachinidis, Athanasios
collection PubMed
description Double Negative (DN) B cells constitute a B cell population that lacks expression of immunoglobulin D and CD27 memory marker. These cells expand in elderly healthy individuals, but also accumulate prematurely in autoimmune and infectious diseases. COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first observed in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In its more severe cases, COVID-19 causes severe pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed that the extrafollicular DN2 B cell subset, previously described in lupus patients, does also expand in severe and/or critical groups of COVID-19 patients. These DN2 cells correlate with disease severity and laboratory parameters of inflammation. However, their exact role and function in COVID-19 require to be further investigated. In this review, we highlight the DN immune responses in both rheumatic diseases and COVID-19, and we point out the importance of clarifying DN’s role in the immunopathology of the aforementioned infection, as it could probably enable better management of rheumatic diseases during the pandemic. Of note, the symptomatology of COVID-19, as well as the potential outcome of death, have given rise to a worldwide concern and scare of exposition to SARS-CoV-2, especially among the rheumatological patients who believe to be at higher risk due to their immunological background and the immunosuppressive therapies. Nevertheless, there is no convincing evidence so far that these patients are truly at higher risk than others.
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spelling pubmed-86933052021-12-27 Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19? Sachinidis, Athanasios Garyfallos, Alexandros Mediterr J Rheumatol Review Double Negative (DN) B cells constitute a B cell population that lacks expression of immunoglobulin D and CD27 memory marker. These cells expand in elderly healthy individuals, but also accumulate prematurely in autoimmune and infectious diseases. COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first observed in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In its more severe cases, COVID-19 causes severe pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed that the extrafollicular DN2 B cell subset, previously described in lupus patients, does also expand in severe and/or critical groups of COVID-19 patients. These DN2 cells correlate with disease severity and laboratory parameters of inflammation. However, their exact role and function in COVID-19 require to be further investigated. In this review, we highlight the DN immune responses in both rheumatic diseases and COVID-19, and we point out the importance of clarifying DN’s role in the immunopathology of the aforementioned infection, as it could probably enable better management of rheumatic diseases during the pandemic. Of note, the symptomatology of COVID-19, as well as the potential outcome of death, have given rise to a worldwide concern and scare of exposition to SARS-CoV-2, especially among the rheumatological patients who believe to be at higher risk due to their immunological background and the immunosuppressive therapies. Nevertheless, there is no convincing evidence so far that these patients are truly at higher risk than others. The Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology (MJR) 2021-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8693305/ /pubmed/34964023 http://dx.doi.org/10.31138/mjr.32.3.192 Text en © 2021 The Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology (MJR) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under and Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Review
Sachinidis, Athanasios
Garyfallos, Alexandros
Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?
title Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?
title_full Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?
title_fullStr Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?
title_full_unstemmed Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?
title_short Double Negative (DN) B cells: A connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and COVID-19?
title_sort double negative (dn) b cells: a connecting bridge between rheumatic diseases and covid-19?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8693305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34964023
http://dx.doi.org/10.31138/mjr.32.3.192
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