A review on the structural dependent optical properties and energy transfer of Mn(4+) and multiple ion-codoped complex oxide phosphors

The tetravalent manganese Mn(4+) ions with a 3d(3) electron configuration as luminescence centers in solid-state inorganic compounds have been widely investigated because they emit bright light in the red to far-red region when they are excited by light with a wavelength in the UV to blue light region. Herein, we present an overview of the recent developments of Mn(4+) and multiple ion such as Bi(3+) and rare earth ion Dy(3+), Nd(3+), Yb(3+), Er(3+), Ho(3+), and Tm(3+) codoped complex oxide phosphors. Most of the specified host lattices of these complex oxide phosphors possess multiple metallic cations, which provide possible substitutions with different codopants and form various luminescence centers with diverse spectra. The luminescence of Mn(4+) and multiple ion-codoped materials spans almost the whole visible light to near infrared (NIR) region. The crystal structures of complex oxide phosphors, the spectroscopic properties of Mn(4+), and the energy transfer between Mn(4+) and multiple ions are introduced and summarized in detail with regard to their practical applications. This review provides an insight into the optical properties of Mn(4+) and the energy transfer process in multiple ion-codoped luminescence materials, which will be helpful in the development of novel excellent materials for applications in the lighting industry.