Mechanically induced solvent-free esterification method at room temperature

Herein, we describe two novel strategies for the synthesis of esters, as achieved under high-speed ball-milling (HSBM) conditions at room temperature. In the presence of I(2) and KH(2)PO(2), the reactions afford the desired esterification derivatives in 45% to 91% yields within 20 min of grinding. Meanwhile, using KI and P(OEt)(3), esterification products can be obtained in 24% to 85% yields after 60 min of grinding. In addition, the I(2)/KH(2)PO(2) protocol was successfully extended to the late-stage diversification of natural products showing the robustness of this useful approach. Further application of this method in the synthesis of inositol nicotinate was also discussed.