PbO(2) modified with TiO(2)-NTs composite materials with enhanced OER electrocatalytic activity for Zn electrowinning

The high oxygen evolution overpotential of the Pb–Ag anode is one of the main reasons for the high energy consumption in Zn electrowinning. PbO(2), owing to its high conductivity, good corrosion resistance and low cost, is widely used as an excellent coating material. In present research, a novel composite Ti/TiO(2)-NTs/PbO(2) material was synthesized through a facile anodization, annealing, electrochemical reduction and galvanostatic deposition. The surface morphology, internal structure and the mechanisms of TiO(2)-NTs enhancing electrochemical performance were discussed. The results show that the self-organized high aspect ratio TiO(2)-NTs with diameter of ∼120 nm and length of ∼8 μm were obtained on Ti substrate. The Ti/TiO(2)-NTs/PbO(2) composite material exhibits excellent oxygen evolution performance and good stability in Zn electrowinning simulation solution (50 g L(−1) Zn(2+), 150 g L(−1) H(2)SO(4)) at 35 °C. Its oxygen evolution overpotential is only 630 mV under current density 50 mA cm(−2), which is 332 m lower than that of Pb-0.76 wt% Ag (η = 962 mV) and only increases 22 mV after 5000 cycles of CV scanning. Its outstanding electrochemical performance is mainly ascribed to the introduction of TiO(2)-NTs in Pb(CH(3)COO)(2) media since it refines the crystal grains, increases the electrochemical surface area, greatly reduces the charge transfer resistance (25.4 Ω cm(2) to 2.337 Ω cm(2)) and enhances corrosion resistance. Therefore, the Ti/TiO(2)-NTs/PbO(2) material prepared in Pb(CH(3)COO)(2) medium may be an ideal anode for Zn electrowinning.