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The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation
Background: The consideration of future consequences (CFC) determines the extent to which individuals consider the potential future outcomes of their current behavior. The significance of assessing the CFC scale’s validation in different contexts has been acknowledged by the previous studies. While...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8695613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34955987 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.770609 |
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author | She, Long Ma, Lan Khoshnavay Fomani, Fatemeh |
author_facet | She, Long Ma, Lan Khoshnavay Fomani, Fatemeh |
author_sort | She, Long |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The consideration of future consequences (CFC) determines the extent to which individuals consider the potential future outcomes of their current behavior. The significance of assessing the CFC scale’s validation in different contexts has been acknowledged by the previous studies. While the majority of the studies have been conducted in western countries, no study has been conducted in Malaysia. The aim of the current study was to validate a Malaysian version of the CFC scale among Malaysian young adults. Methods: The methodological cross-sectional approach was adopted in this study. The study recruited 529 young adults (age range from 25 to 40) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the paper survey. Construct validity was assessed using content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and average inter-item correlation (AIC) were used to assess the scale’s internal consistency. Also, composite reliability (CR) and maximal reliability (MaxR) were used to assess the construct reliability. Measurement invariance was tested across gender. Results: The findings of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the Malaysian version of the CFC scale has a two-factor structure (i.e., CFC-Future and CFC-Immediate) with 10-item explaining 61.682% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor structure of the CFC scale with good construct validity. The internal consistency and CR were acceptable. [The Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and CR for CFC-I were 0.901 (CI 95%: 0.881–918), 0.901, and 0.887, respectively. Also, these parameters for CFC-F were 0.867 (CI 95%: 0.838–891), 0.868, and 0.867, respectively]. Conclusion: We found acceptable psychometric evidence for the 10-item two-factors CFC scale used in the context of young adults in Malaysia. The validated instrument can be used in future studies to assess young adults’ CFC tendency and CFC-related behavior in Malaysia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8695613 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86956132021-12-24 The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation She, Long Ma, Lan Khoshnavay Fomani, Fatemeh Front Psychol Psychology Background: The consideration of future consequences (CFC) determines the extent to which individuals consider the potential future outcomes of their current behavior. The significance of assessing the CFC scale’s validation in different contexts has been acknowledged by the previous studies. While the majority of the studies have been conducted in western countries, no study has been conducted in Malaysia. The aim of the current study was to validate a Malaysian version of the CFC scale among Malaysian young adults. Methods: The methodological cross-sectional approach was adopted in this study. The study recruited 529 young adults (age range from 25 to 40) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the paper survey. Construct validity was assessed using content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and average inter-item correlation (AIC) were used to assess the scale’s internal consistency. Also, composite reliability (CR) and maximal reliability (MaxR) were used to assess the construct reliability. Measurement invariance was tested across gender. Results: The findings of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the Malaysian version of the CFC scale has a two-factor structure (i.e., CFC-Future and CFC-Immediate) with 10-item explaining 61.682% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor structure of the CFC scale with good construct validity. The internal consistency and CR were acceptable. [The Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and CR for CFC-I were 0.901 (CI 95%: 0.881–918), 0.901, and 0.887, respectively. Also, these parameters for CFC-F were 0.867 (CI 95%: 0.838–891), 0.868, and 0.867, respectively]. Conclusion: We found acceptable psychometric evidence for the 10-item two-factors CFC scale used in the context of young adults in Malaysia. The validated instrument can be used in future studies to assess young adults’ CFC tendency and CFC-related behavior in Malaysia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8695613/ /pubmed/34955987 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.770609 Text en Copyright © 2021 She, Ma and Khoshnavay Fomani. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology She, Long Ma, Lan Khoshnavay Fomani, Fatemeh The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation |
title | The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation |
title_full | The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation |
title_fullStr | The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation |
title_short | The Consideration of Future Consequences Scale Among Malaysian Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation |
title_sort | consideration of future consequences scale among malaysian young adults: a psychometric evaluation |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8695613/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34955987 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.770609 |
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