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Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis
Abstract: The synthesis costs of macrolide musks are higher than those of other commercial musks. To make this process less expensive, eggshell waste was calcined at a low temperature to obtain a catalyst for the cyclopentadecanolide production via reactive distillation using a glycerol entrainer. X...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8695726/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34957045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.770247 |
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author | Cheng, Haijun Wei, Jiangli Liang, Min Dai, Suyi Liu, Xiongmin Ma, Li Wang, Hongyun Lai, Fang |
author_facet | Cheng, Haijun Wei, Jiangli Liang, Min Dai, Suyi Liu, Xiongmin Ma, Li Wang, Hongyun Lai, Fang |
author_sort | Cheng, Haijun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Abstract: The synthesis costs of macrolide musks are higher than those of other commercial musks. To make this process less expensive, eggshell waste was calcined at a low temperature to obtain a catalyst for the cyclopentadecanolide production via reactive distillation using a glycerol entrainer. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the original and recovered catalysts revealed that the main catalytic ingredient was calcium glycerolate (CaG) and not calcium diglyceroxide (CaDG). The basic strengths of CaG and CaDG obtained by Hammett indicators were 7.2 < H_≤ 15.0 and 9.8 < H_≤15.0, while the corresponding base amounts were 1.9 and 7.3 mmol/ g, respectively. Because CaG was soluble in glycerine, the catalyst was efficiently reused. The reaction product containing over 95.0% cyclopentadecanolide with a yield of 49.8% was obtained at a temperature of 190°C and catalyst amount of 12 wt% after 7 h of reaction. Thus, eggshell waste may be directly placed into the reaction mixture after calcination at 600°C to synthesise a large amount of cyclopentadecanolide within a relatively short time. The results of this work indicate that eggshell waste can serve as a potential eco-friendly and affordable catalyst source for the production of macrolide musks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8695726 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86957262021-12-24 Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis Cheng, Haijun Wei, Jiangli Liang, Min Dai, Suyi Liu, Xiongmin Ma, Li Wang, Hongyun Lai, Fang Front Chem Chemistry Abstract: The synthesis costs of macrolide musks are higher than those of other commercial musks. To make this process less expensive, eggshell waste was calcined at a low temperature to obtain a catalyst for the cyclopentadecanolide production via reactive distillation using a glycerol entrainer. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the original and recovered catalysts revealed that the main catalytic ingredient was calcium glycerolate (CaG) and not calcium diglyceroxide (CaDG). The basic strengths of CaG and CaDG obtained by Hammett indicators were 7.2 < H_≤ 15.0 and 9.8 < H_≤15.0, while the corresponding base amounts were 1.9 and 7.3 mmol/ g, respectively. Because CaG was soluble in glycerine, the catalyst was efficiently reused. The reaction product containing over 95.0% cyclopentadecanolide with a yield of 49.8% was obtained at a temperature of 190°C and catalyst amount of 12 wt% after 7 h of reaction. Thus, eggshell waste may be directly placed into the reaction mixture after calcination at 600°C to synthesise a large amount of cyclopentadecanolide within a relatively short time. The results of this work indicate that eggshell waste can serve as a potential eco-friendly and affordable catalyst source for the production of macrolide musks. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8695726/ /pubmed/34957045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.770247 Text en Copyright © 2021 Cheng, Wei, Liang, Dai, Liu, Ma, Wang and Lai. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Cheng, Haijun Wei, Jiangli Liang, Min Dai, Suyi Liu, Xiongmin Ma, Li Wang, Hongyun Lai, Fang Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis |
title | Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis |
title_full | Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis |
title_fullStr | Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis |
title_short | Calcium Glycerolate Catalyst Derived from Eggshell Waste for Cyclopentadecanolide Synthesis |
title_sort | calcium glycerolate catalyst derived from eggshell waste for cyclopentadecanolide synthesis |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8695726/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34957045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.770247 |
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