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The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain

Technological advancements in electronics and micromachining now allow the development of discrete wireless brain implantable micro-devices. Applications of such devices include stimulation or sensing and could enable direct placement near regions of interest within the brain without the need for el...

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Autores principales: Dabbour, Abdel-Hameed, Tan, Sheryl, Kim, Sang Ho, Guild, Sarah-Jane, Heppner, Peter, McCormick, Daniel, Wright, Bryon E., Leung, Dixon, Gallichan, Robert, Budgett, David, Malpas, Simon C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8695845/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34955740
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.796203
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author Dabbour, Abdel-Hameed
Tan, Sheryl
Kim, Sang Ho
Guild, Sarah-Jane
Heppner, Peter
McCormick, Daniel
Wright, Bryon E.
Leung, Dixon
Gallichan, Robert
Budgett, David
Malpas, Simon C.
author_facet Dabbour, Abdel-Hameed
Tan, Sheryl
Kim, Sang Ho
Guild, Sarah-Jane
Heppner, Peter
McCormick, Daniel
Wright, Bryon E.
Leung, Dixon
Gallichan, Robert
Budgett, David
Malpas, Simon C.
author_sort Dabbour, Abdel-Hameed
collection PubMed
description Technological advancements in electronics and micromachining now allow the development of discrete wireless brain implantable micro-devices. Applications of such devices include stimulation or sensing and could enable direct placement near regions of interest within the brain without the need for electrode leads or separate battery compartments that are at increased risk of breakage and infection. Clinical use of leadless brain implants is accompanied by novel risks, such as migration of the implant. Additionally, the encapsulation material of the implants plays an important role in mitigating unwanted tissue reactions. These risks have the potential to cause harm or reduce the service of life of the implant. In the present study, we have assessed post-implantation tissue reaction and migration of borosilicate glass-encapsulated micro-implants within the cortex of the brain. Twenty borosilicate glass-encapsulated devices (2 × 3.5 × 20 mm) were implanted into the parenchyma of 10 sheep for 6 months. Radiographs were taken directly post-surgery and at 3 and 6 months. Subsequently, sheep were euthanized, and GFAP and IBA-1 histological analysis was performed. The migration of the implants was tracked by reference to two stainless steel screws placed in the skull. We found no significant difference in fluoroscopy intensity of GFAP and a small difference in IBA-1 between implanted tissue and control. There was no glial scar formation found at the site of the implant’s track wall. Furthermore, we observed movement of up to 4.6 mm in a subset of implants in the first 3 months of implantation and no movement in any implant during the 3–6-month period of implantation. Subsequent histological analysis revealed no evidence of a migration track or tissue damage. We conclude that the implantation of this discrete micro-implant within the brain does not present additional risk due to migration.
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spelling pubmed-86958452021-12-24 The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain Dabbour, Abdel-Hameed Tan, Sheryl Kim, Sang Ho Guild, Sarah-Jane Heppner, Peter McCormick, Daniel Wright, Bryon E. Leung, Dixon Gallichan, Robert Budgett, David Malpas, Simon C. Front Neurosci Neuroscience Technological advancements in electronics and micromachining now allow the development of discrete wireless brain implantable micro-devices. Applications of such devices include stimulation or sensing and could enable direct placement near regions of interest within the brain without the need for electrode leads or separate battery compartments that are at increased risk of breakage and infection. Clinical use of leadless brain implants is accompanied by novel risks, such as migration of the implant. Additionally, the encapsulation material of the implants plays an important role in mitigating unwanted tissue reactions. These risks have the potential to cause harm or reduce the service of life of the implant. In the present study, we have assessed post-implantation tissue reaction and migration of borosilicate glass-encapsulated micro-implants within the cortex of the brain. Twenty borosilicate glass-encapsulated devices (2 × 3.5 × 20 mm) were implanted into the parenchyma of 10 sheep for 6 months. Radiographs were taken directly post-surgery and at 3 and 6 months. Subsequently, sheep were euthanized, and GFAP and IBA-1 histological analysis was performed. The migration of the implants was tracked by reference to two stainless steel screws placed in the skull. We found no significant difference in fluoroscopy intensity of GFAP and a small difference in IBA-1 between implanted tissue and control. There was no glial scar formation found at the site of the implant’s track wall. Furthermore, we observed movement of up to 4.6 mm in a subset of implants in the first 3 months of implantation and no movement in any implant during the 3–6-month period of implantation. Subsequent histological analysis revealed no evidence of a migration track or tissue damage. We conclude that the implantation of this discrete micro-implant within the brain does not present additional risk due to migration. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8695845/ /pubmed/34955740 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.796203 Text en Copyright © 2021 Dabbour, Tan, Kim, Guild, Heppner, McCormick, Wright, Leung, Gallichan, Budgett and Malpas. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Dabbour, Abdel-Hameed
Tan, Sheryl
Kim, Sang Ho
Guild, Sarah-Jane
Heppner, Peter
McCormick, Daniel
Wright, Bryon E.
Leung, Dixon
Gallichan, Robert
Budgett, David
Malpas, Simon C.
The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain
title The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain
title_full The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain
title_fullStr The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain
title_full_unstemmed The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain
title_short The Safety of Micro-Implants for the Brain
title_sort safety of micro-implants for the brain
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8695845/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34955740
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.796203
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