Enhanced charge separation in TiO(2)/nanocarbon hybrid photocatalysts through coupling with short carbon nanotubes

The interfacial contact between TiO(2) and graphitic carbon in a hybrid composite plays a critical role in electron transfer behavior, and in turn, its photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we report a new approach for improving the interfacial contact and delaying charge carrier recombination in the hybrid by wrapping short single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on TiO(2) particles (100 nm) via a hydration-condensation technique. Short SWCNTs with an average length of 125 ± 90 nm were obtained from an ultrasonication-assisted cutting process of pristine SWCNTs (1–3 μm in length). In comparison to conventional TiO(2)–SWCNT composites synthesized from long SWCNTs (1.2 ± 0.7 μm), TiO(2) wrapped with short SWCNTs showed longer lifetimes of photogenerated electrons and holes, as well as a superior photocatalytic activity in the gas-phase degradation of acetaldehyde. In addition, upon comparison with a TiO(2)–nanographene “quasi-core–shell” structure, TiO(2)-short SWCNT structures offer better electron-capturing efficiency and slightly higher photocatalytic performance, revealing the impact of the dimensions of graphitic structures on the interfacial transfer of electrons and light penetration to TiO(2). The engineering of the TiO(2)–SWCNT structure is expected to benefit photocatalytic degradation of other volatile organic compounds, and provide alternative pathways to further improve the efficiency of other carbon-based photocatalysts.