Cargando…

Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy

SIMPLE SUMMARY: For breeders and bitches alike, pregnancy is a challenging period. Insufficient serum progesterone concentrations have frequently been suggested to be responsible for pregnancy loss or early parturition, without any scientific evidence to support those claims. In this study, a large...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hinderer, Janna, Lüdeke, Julia, Riege, Lisa, Haimerl, Peggy, Bartel, Alexander, Kohn, Barbara, Weber, Corinna, Müller, Elisabeth, Arlt, Sebastian P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8697939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123369
_version_ 1784620158218665984
author Hinderer, Janna
Lüdeke, Julia
Riege, Lisa
Haimerl, Peggy
Bartel, Alexander
Kohn, Barbara
Weber, Corinna
Müller, Elisabeth
Arlt, Sebastian P.
author_facet Hinderer, Janna
Lüdeke, Julia
Riege, Lisa
Haimerl, Peggy
Bartel, Alexander
Kohn, Barbara
Weber, Corinna
Müller, Elisabeth
Arlt, Sebastian P.
author_sort Hinderer, Janna
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: For breeders and bitches alike, pregnancy is a challenging period. Insufficient serum progesterone concentrations have frequently been suggested to be responsible for pregnancy loss or early parturition, without any scientific evidence to support those claims. In this study, a large number of bitches was followed throughout pregnancy, and serum progesterone concentrations were determined to deduce which concentrations could be considered normal. Three blood samples were collected, one each during early, mid and late pregnancy. The results indicated that progesterone concentrations can be lower than previously described as adequate in the veterinary literature, with the bitch still exhibiting no signs of pregnancy distress and giving birth to healthy puppies at the expected time. ABSTRACT: Pregnancy and lactation are amongst the most challenging times of a bitch’s life. Most studies focusing on the endocrinological aspect of pregnancy consider only a small number of animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate progesterone (P4) concentrations in a large number of bitches during early, mid and late pregnancy. In total, 126 bitches of various breeds were recruited following a thorough clinical and gynecological examination during estrus. Blood samples were collected three times (T1–T3) during pregnancy or from non-pregnant dogs in diestrus, and P4 was measured via chemiluminescence. At T1 (11–19 days post-ovulation (dpo)), serum P4 concentrations were 30.23 ± 6.65 ng/mL and 28.45 ± 6.26 ng/mL, at T2 (23–32 dpo) they were 22.73 ± 6.27 ng/mL and 22.59 ± 5.77 ng/mL and at T3 (52–60 dpo) they were 6.68 ± 2.18 ng/mL and 3.17 ± 2.26 ng/mL, in pregnant (n = 98) and non-pregnant (n = 23) dogs respectively. The P4 concentrations differed significantly between pregnant and non-pregnant animals at the last examination (p ≤ 0.001). In the context of hypoluteoidism, the gathered data yielded interesting results. Overall, 28 out of 98 pregnant bitches showed a greater decline (>15 ng/mL) in P4 concentrations from early to mid-pregnancy, and 56 bitches showed P4 concentrations lower than deemed adequate (>20 ng/mL at T1 and T2, >5 ng/mL at T3) according to existing recommendations. Despite not being supplemented with P4, none of those animals suffered from abortion or preterm delivery. Considering that supplementation of P4 can entail considerable risks for the bitch and the puppies, more research on P4 concentration patterns, diagnosis of hypoluteoidism and treatment indications and options is indicated.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8697939
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86979392021-12-24 Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy Hinderer, Janna Lüdeke, Julia Riege, Lisa Haimerl, Peggy Bartel, Alexander Kohn, Barbara Weber, Corinna Müller, Elisabeth Arlt, Sebastian P. Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: For breeders and bitches alike, pregnancy is a challenging period. Insufficient serum progesterone concentrations have frequently been suggested to be responsible for pregnancy loss or early parturition, without any scientific evidence to support those claims. In this study, a large number of bitches was followed throughout pregnancy, and serum progesterone concentrations were determined to deduce which concentrations could be considered normal. Three blood samples were collected, one each during early, mid and late pregnancy. The results indicated that progesterone concentrations can be lower than previously described as adequate in the veterinary literature, with the bitch still exhibiting no signs of pregnancy distress and giving birth to healthy puppies at the expected time. ABSTRACT: Pregnancy and lactation are amongst the most challenging times of a bitch’s life. Most studies focusing on the endocrinological aspect of pregnancy consider only a small number of animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate progesterone (P4) concentrations in a large number of bitches during early, mid and late pregnancy. In total, 126 bitches of various breeds were recruited following a thorough clinical and gynecological examination during estrus. Blood samples were collected three times (T1–T3) during pregnancy or from non-pregnant dogs in diestrus, and P4 was measured via chemiluminescence. At T1 (11–19 days post-ovulation (dpo)), serum P4 concentrations were 30.23 ± 6.65 ng/mL and 28.45 ± 6.26 ng/mL, at T2 (23–32 dpo) they were 22.73 ± 6.27 ng/mL and 22.59 ± 5.77 ng/mL and at T3 (52–60 dpo) they were 6.68 ± 2.18 ng/mL and 3.17 ± 2.26 ng/mL, in pregnant (n = 98) and non-pregnant (n = 23) dogs respectively. The P4 concentrations differed significantly between pregnant and non-pregnant animals at the last examination (p ≤ 0.001). In the context of hypoluteoidism, the gathered data yielded interesting results. Overall, 28 out of 98 pregnant bitches showed a greater decline (>15 ng/mL) in P4 concentrations from early to mid-pregnancy, and 56 bitches showed P4 concentrations lower than deemed adequate (>20 ng/mL at T1 and T2, >5 ng/mL at T3) according to existing recommendations. Despite not being supplemented with P4, none of those animals suffered from abortion or preterm delivery. Considering that supplementation of P4 can entail considerable risks for the bitch and the puppies, more research on P4 concentration patterns, diagnosis of hypoluteoidism and treatment indications and options is indicated. MDPI 2021-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8697939/ /pubmed/34944146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123369 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hinderer, Janna
Lüdeke, Julia
Riege, Lisa
Haimerl, Peggy
Bartel, Alexander
Kohn, Barbara
Weber, Corinna
Müller, Elisabeth
Arlt, Sebastian P.
Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy
title Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy
title_full Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy
title_fullStr Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy
title_full_unstemmed Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy
title_short Progesterone Concentrations during Canine Pregnancy
title_sort progesterone concentrations during canine pregnancy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8697939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944146
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123369
work_keys_str_mv AT hindererjanna progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT ludekejulia progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT riegelisa progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT haimerlpeggy progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT bartelalexander progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT kohnbarbara progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT webercorinna progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT mullerelisabeth progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy
AT arltsebastianp progesteroneconcentrationsduringcaninepregnancy