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Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules

Mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 continue to be significantly high worldwide, owing to the absence of effective treatment strategies. The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is also a considerable source of concern and has led to challenges in the development of better prev...

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Autores principales: Gedefaw, Lealem, Ullah, Sami, Lee, Thomas M. H., Yip, Shea Ping, Huang, Chien-Ling
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944639
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121823
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author Gedefaw, Lealem
Ullah, Sami
Lee, Thomas M. H.
Yip, Shea Ping
Huang, Chien-Ling
author_facet Gedefaw, Lealem
Ullah, Sami
Lee, Thomas M. H.
Yip, Shea Ping
Huang, Chien-Ling
author_sort Gedefaw, Lealem
collection PubMed
description Mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 continue to be significantly high worldwide, owing to the absence of effective treatment strategies. The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is also a considerable source of concern and has led to challenges in the development of better prevention and treatment strategies, including vaccines. Immune dysregulation due to pro-inflammatory mediators has worsened the situation in COVID-19 patients. Inflammasomes play a critical role in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and their activation is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment using different approaches are currently underway. Targeting different inflammasomes to reduce the cytokine storm, and its associated complications, in COVID-19 patients is a new area of research. Non-coding RNAs, targeting inflammasome activation, may serve as an effective treatment strategy. However, the efficacy of these therapeutic agents is highly dependent on the delivery system. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in conjunction with an efficient delivery vehicle, present a potential strategy for regulating NLRP3 activity through various RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms. In this regard, the use of nanomaterials and other vehicle types for the delivery of RNAi-based therapeutic molecules for COVID-19 may serve as a novel approach for enhancing drug efficacy. The present review briefly summarizes immune dysregulation and its consequences, the roles of different non-coding RNAs in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, distinct types of vectors for their delivery, and potential therapeutic targets of microRNA for treatment of COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-86985322021-12-24 Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules Gedefaw, Lealem Ullah, Sami Lee, Thomas M. H. Yip, Shea Ping Huang, Chien-Ling Biomedicines Review Mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 continue to be significantly high worldwide, owing to the absence of effective treatment strategies. The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is also a considerable source of concern and has led to challenges in the development of better prevention and treatment strategies, including vaccines. Immune dysregulation due to pro-inflammatory mediators has worsened the situation in COVID-19 patients. Inflammasomes play a critical role in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and their activation is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment using different approaches are currently underway. Targeting different inflammasomes to reduce the cytokine storm, and its associated complications, in COVID-19 patients is a new area of research. Non-coding RNAs, targeting inflammasome activation, may serve as an effective treatment strategy. However, the efficacy of these therapeutic agents is highly dependent on the delivery system. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in conjunction with an efficient delivery vehicle, present a potential strategy for regulating NLRP3 activity through various RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms. In this regard, the use of nanomaterials and other vehicle types for the delivery of RNAi-based therapeutic molecules for COVID-19 may serve as a novel approach for enhancing drug efficacy. The present review briefly summarizes immune dysregulation and its consequences, the roles of different non-coding RNAs in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, distinct types of vectors for their delivery, and potential therapeutic targets of microRNA for treatment of COVID-19. MDPI 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8698532/ /pubmed/34944639 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121823 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gedefaw, Lealem
Ullah, Sami
Lee, Thomas M. H.
Yip, Shea Ping
Huang, Chien-Ling
Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules
title Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules
title_full Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules
title_fullStr Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules
title_full_unstemmed Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules
title_short Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules
title_sort targeting inflammasome activation in covid-19: delivery of rna interference-based therapeutic molecules
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944639
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121823
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