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Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in children due to the alarmingly increasing incidence of pediatric obesity. It is well-documented that MAFLD prevalence is directly related to an incremental increase in BMI. The multiple hits theory was designed for...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121866 |
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author | Mărginean, Cristina Oana Meliț, Lorena Elena Săsăran, Maria Oana |
author_facet | Mărginean, Cristina Oana Meliț, Lorena Elena Săsăran, Maria Oana |
author_sort | Mărginean, Cristina Oana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in children due to the alarmingly increasing incidence of pediatric obesity. It is well-documented that MAFLD prevalence is directly related to an incremental increase in BMI. The multiple hits theory was designed for providing insights regarding the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in MAFLD. Recent evidence suggested that the microbiome is a crucial contributor in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Aside from obesity, the most common risk factors for pediatric MAFLD include male gender, low-birth weight, family history of obesity, MAFLD, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and polycystic ovarium syndrome. Usually, pediatric patients with MAFLD have nonspecific symptoms consisting of fatigue, malaise, or diffuse abdominal pain. A wide spectrum of biomarkers was proposed for the diagnosis of MAFLD and NASH, as well as for quantifying the degree of fibrosis, but liver biopsy remains the key diagnostic and staging tool. Nevertheless, elastography-based methods present promising results in this age group as potential non-invasive replacers for liver biopsy. Despite the lack of current guidelines regarding MAFLD treatment in children, lifestyle intervention was proven to be crucial in the management of these patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8698557 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86985572021-12-24 Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic Mărginean, Cristina Oana Meliț, Lorena Elena Săsăran, Maria Oana Biomedicines Review Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in children due to the alarmingly increasing incidence of pediatric obesity. It is well-documented that MAFLD prevalence is directly related to an incremental increase in BMI. The multiple hits theory was designed for providing insights regarding the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in MAFLD. Recent evidence suggested that the microbiome is a crucial contributor in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Aside from obesity, the most common risk factors for pediatric MAFLD include male gender, low-birth weight, family history of obesity, MAFLD, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and polycystic ovarium syndrome. Usually, pediatric patients with MAFLD have nonspecific symptoms consisting of fatigue, malaise, or diffuse abdominal pain. A wide spectrum of biomarkers was proposed for the diagnosis of MAFLD and NASH, as well as for quantifying the degree of fibrosis, but liver biopsy remains the key diagnostic and staging tool. Nevertheless, elastography-based methods present promising results in this age group as potential non-invasive replacers for liver biopsy. Despite the lack of current guidelines regarding MAFLD treatment in children, lifestyle intervention was proven to be crucial in the management of these patients. MDPI 2021-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8698557/ /pubmed/34944682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121866 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mărginean, Cristina Oana Meliț, Lorena Elena Săsăran, Maria Oana Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic |
title | Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic |
title_full | Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic |
title_fullStr | Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic |
title_short | Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children—From Atomistic to Holistic |
title_sort | metabolic associated fatty liver disease in children—from atomistic to holistic |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121866 |
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