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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It is characterized initially by an inflammatory process, followed by tissue remodeling and fibrosis, leading to proptosis, exposure keratopathy, ocular motility limitation, and compressive optic neuropat...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698567/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121871 |
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author | Hou, Tzu-Yu Wu, Shi-Bei Kau, Hui-Chuan Tsai, Chieh-Chih |
author_facet | Hou, Tzu-Yu Wu, Shi-Bei Kau, Hui-Chuan Tsai, Chieh-Chih |
author_sort | Hou, Tzu-Yu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It is characterized initially by an inflammatory process, followed by tissue remodeling and fibrosis, leading to proptosis, exposure keratopathy, ocular motility limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy. The pathogenic mechanism is complex and multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for GO, has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage in GO orbital fibroblasts. In addition, an elevation in ROS and antioxidant enzymes is observed in tears, blood, and urine, as well as orbital fibroadipose tissues and fibroblasts from GO patients. In vitro and in vivo studies have examined the efficacy of various antioxidant supplements for GO. These findings suggest a therapeutic role of antioxidants in GO patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and potential antioxidants for the treatment of GO. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8698567 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86985672021-12-24 The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy Hou, Tzu-Yu Wu, Shi-Bei Kau, Hui-Chuan Tsai, Chieh-Chih Biomedicines Review Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It is characterized initially by an inflammatory process, followed by tissue remodeling and fibrosis, leading to proptosis, exposure keratopathy, ocular motility limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy. The pathogenic mechanism is complex and multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for GO, has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage in GO orbital fibroblasts. In addition, an elevation in ROS and antioxidant enzymes is observed in tears, blood, and urine, as well as orbital fibroadipose tissues and fibroblasts from GO patients. In vitro and in vivo studies have examined the efficacy of various antioxidant supplements for GO. These findings suggest a therapeutic role of antioxidants in GO patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and potential antioxidants for the treatment of GO. MDPI 2021-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8698567/ /pubmed/34944687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121871 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hou, Tzu-Yu Wu, Shi-Bei Kau, Hui-Chuan Tsai, Chieh-Chih The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy |
title | The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy |
title_full | The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy |
title_fullStr | The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy |
title_short | The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy |
title_sort | role of oxidative stress and therapeutic potential of antioxidants in graves’ ophthalmopathy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698567/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34944687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121871 |
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