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Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp

SIMPLE SUMMARY: It is debatable whether lymphatic vessels exist in the dental pulp. Most researchers confirm their presence; however, the lymphatic system in the dental pulp is much less developed compared to other tissues of the body. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in the dental pulp with inflammatory ch...

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Autores principales: Wiśniewska, Kamila, Rybak, Zbigniew, Szymonowicz, Maria, Kuropka, Piotr, Dobrzyński, Maciej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943171
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121257
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author Wiśniewska, Kamila
Rybak, Zbigniew
Szymonowicz, Maria
Kuropka, Piotr
Dobrzyński, Maciej
author_facet Wiśniewska, Kamila
Rybak, Zbigniew
Szymonowicz, Maria
Kuropka, Piotr
Dobrzyński, Maciej
author_sort Wiśniewska, Kamila
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: It is debatable whether lymphatic vessels exist in the dental pulp. Most researchers confirm their presence; however, the lymphatic system in the dental pulp is much less developed compared to other tissues of the body. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in the dental pulp with inflammatory changes as a response to inflammatory stimuli acting on the tooth. If lymphangiogenesis is defined as the development of lymphatic vessels from already existing ones, such a mechanism is possible only when lymphatic vessels are present in healthy teeth. Research papers have not conclusively proved whether lymphatic vessels can form in the dental pulp. The use of an immunohistochemical examination can very likely prove the presence of a lymphatic system in dental tissues. However, the evaluation of the lymphatic system of the teeth is problematic because it is quite difficult to clearly distinguish lymphatic vessels from small blood vessels. ABSTRACT: Despite many studies, opinions on the lymphatic system of the teeth are still incompatible. Studies using light and electron microscopy and directly using methods such as a radioisotope (radionuclide) scan and interstitial fluid pressure measurement reported incomplete results. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays the main role in investigating presence of the lymphatic system in dental tissues. This method uses labeled antibodies against antigens typical of lymphatic vessels. The use of appropriate staining enables the detection of antigen-antibody reaction products using a light (optical), electron or fluorescence microscope. However, these studies do not show the system of vessels, their histologic structure under physiological conditions and inflammation as well as the lymphangiogenesis process in the dental pulp. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies associating the presence of lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp with local lymphatic nodes or large vessels outside the tooth. In the scientific and research environment, the evaluation of the lymphatic system of the teeth is problematic because it is quite difficult to clearly distinguish lymphatic vessels from small blood vessels. Despite many indications of the presence of lymphatic vessels in the pulp chamber, this problem remains open and needs further research.
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spelling pubmed-86987952021-12-24 Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp Wiśniewska, Kamila Rybak, Zbigniew Szymonowicz, Maria Kuropka, Piotr Dobrzyński, Maciej Biology (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: It is debatable whether lymphatic vessels exist in the dental pulp. Most researchers confirm their presence; however, the lymphatic system in the dental pulp is much less developed compared to other tissues of the body. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in the dental pulp with inflammatory changes as a response to inflammatory stimuli acting on the tooth. If lymphangiogenesis is defined as the development of lymphatic vessels from already existing ones, such a mechanism is possible only when lymphatic vessels are present in healthy teeth. Research papers have not conclusively proved whether lymphatic vessels can form in the dental pulp. The use of an immunohistochemical examination can very likely prove the presence of a lymphatic system in dental tissues. However, the evaluation of the lymphatic system of the teeth is problematic because it is quite difficult to clearly distinguish lymphatic vessels from small blood vessels. ABSTRACT: Despite many studies, opinions on the lymphatic system of the teeth are still incompatible. Studies using light and electron microscopy and directly using methods such as a radioisotope (radionuclide) scan and interstitial fluid pressure measurement reported incomplete results. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays the main role in investigating presence of the lymphatic system in dental tissues. This method uses labeled antibodies against antigens typical of lymphatic vessels. The use of appropriate staining enables the detection of antigen-antibody reaction products using a light (optical), electron or fluorescence microscope. However, these studies do not show the system of vessels, their histologic structure under physiological conditions and inflammation as well as the lymphangiogenesis process in the dental pulp. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies associating the presence of lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp with local lymphatic nodes or large vessels outside the tooth. In the scientific and research environment, the evaluation of the lymphatic system of the teeth is problematic because it is quite difficult to clearly distinguish lymphatic vessels from small blood vessels. Despite many indications of the presence of lymphatic vessels in the pulp chamber, this problem remains open and needs further research. MDPI 2021-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8698795/ /pubmed/34943171 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121257 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wiśniewska, Kamila
Rybak, Zbigniew
Szymonowicz, Maria
Kuropka, Piotr
Dobrzyński, Maciej
Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp
title Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp
title_full Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp
title_fullStr Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp
title_full_unstemmed Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp
title_short Review on the Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp
title_sort review on the lymphatic vessels in the dental pulp
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943171
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121257
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