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Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to lower intraocular pressure. The onset of the disease is often delayed because patients do not notice visual impairment until very late, which is wh...

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Autores principales: Auler, Nadine, Tonner, Henrik, Pfeiffer, Norbert, Grus, Franz H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698915/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121296
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author Auler, Nadine
Tonner, Henrik
Pfeiffer, Norbert
Grus, Franz H.
author_facet Auler, Nadine
Tonner, Henrik
Pfeiffer, Norbert
Grus, Franz H.
author_sort Auler, Nadine
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to lower intraocular pressure. The onset of the disease is often delayed because patients do not notice visual impairment until very late, which is why glaucoma is also known as “the silent thief of sight”. Therefore, early detection and definition of specific markers, the so-called biomarkers, are immensely important. For the methodical implementation, high-throughput methods and omic-based methods came more and more into focus. Thus, interesting targets for possible biomarkers were already suggested by clinical research and basic research, respectively. This review article aims to join the findings of the two disciplines by collecting overlaps as well as differences in various clinical studies and to shed light on promising candidates concerning findings from basic research, facilitating conclusions on possible therapy options. ABSTRACT: Glaucoma represents a group of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, constituting the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. To date, chronically elevated intraocular pressure has been identified as the main risk factor and the only treatable symptom. However, there is increasing evidence in the recent literature that IOP-independent molecular mechanisms also play an important role in the progression of the disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glaucoma has an autoimmune component. The main focus nowadays is elucidating glaucoma pathogenesis, finding early diagnostic options and new therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the impact of different antibodies and proteins associated with glaucoma that can be detected for example by microarray and mass spectrometric analyzes, which (i) provide information about expression profiles and associated molecular signaling pathways, (ii) can possibly be used as a diagnostic tool in future and, (iii) can identify possible targets for therapeutic approaches.
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spelling pubmed-86989152021-12-24 Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways Auler, Nadine Tonner, Henrik Pfeiffer, Norbert Grus, Franz H. Biology (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to lower intraocular pressure. The onset of the disease is often delayed because patients do not notice visual impairment until very late, which is why glaucoma is also known as “the silent thief of sight”. Therefore, early detection and definition of specific markers, the so-called biomarkers, are immensely important. For the methodical implementation, high-throughput methods and omic-based methods came more and more into focus. Thus, interesting targets for possible biomarkers were already suggested by clinical research and basic research, respectively. This review article aims to join the findings of the two disciplines by collecting overlaps as well as differences in various clinical studies and to shed light on promising candidates concerning findings from basic research, facilitating conclusions on possible therapy options. ABSTRACT: Glaucoma represents a group of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, constituting the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. To date, chronically elevated intraocular pressure has been identified as the main risk factor and the only treatable symptom. However, there is increasing evidence in the recent literature that IOP-independent molecular mechanisms also play an important role in the progression of the disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glaucoma has an autoimmune component. The main focus nowadays is elucidating glaucoma pathogenesis, finding early diagnostic options and new therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the impact of different antibodies and proteins associated with glaucoma that can be detected for example by microarray and mass spectrometric analyzes, which (i) provide information about expression profiles and associated molecular signaling pathways, (ii) can possibly be used as a diagnostic tool in future and, (iii) can identify possible targets for therapeutic approaches. MDPI 2021-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8698915/ /pubmed/34943212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121296 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Auler, Nadine
Tonner, Henrik
Pfeiffer, Norbert
Grus, Franz H.
Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways
title Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways
title_full Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways
title_fullStr Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways
title_full_unstemmed Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways
title_short Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways
title_sort antibody and protein profiles in glaucoma: screening of biomarkers and identification of signaling pathways
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8698915/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10121296
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