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Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review
The upper extremities limitation represents one of the essential functional impairments in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Electromechanics assisted devices and robots are increasingly used in neurorehabilitation to help functional improvement in patients with neurological diseases. This...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8699455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34942935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121630 |
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author | Morone, Giovanni de Sire, Alessandro Martino Cinnera, Alex Paci, Matteo Perrero, Luca Invernizzi, Marco Lippi, Lorenzo Agostini, Michela Aprile, Irene Casanova, Emanuela Marino, Dario La Rosa, Giuseppe Bressi, Federica Sterzi, Silvia Giansanti, Daniele Battistini, Alberto Miccinilli, Sandra Filoni, Serena Sicari, Monica Petrozzino, Salvatore Solaro, Claudio Marcello Gargano, Stefano Benanti, Paolo Boldrini, Paolo Bonaiuti, Donatella Castelli, Enrico Draicchio, Francesco Falabella, Vincenzo Galeri, Silvia Gimigliano, Francesca Grigioni, Mauro Mazzoleni, Stefano Mazzon, Stefano Molteni, Franco Petrarca, Maurizio Picelli, Alessandro Gandolfi, Marialuisa Posteraro, Federico Senatore, Michele Turchetti, Giuseppe Straudi, Sofia |
author_facet | Morone, Giovanni de Sire, Alessandro Martino Cinnera, Alex Paci, Matteo Perrero, Luca Invernizzi, Marco Lippi, Lorenzo Agostini, Michela Aprile, Irene Casanova, Emanuela Marino, Dario La Rosa, Giuseppe Bressi, Federica Sterzi, Silvia Giansanti, Daniele Battistini, Alberto Miccinilli, Sandra Filoni, Serena Sicari, Monica Petrozzino, Salvatore Solaro, Claudio Marcello Gargano, Stefano Benanti, Paolo Boldrini, Paolo Bonaiuti, Donatella Castelli, Enrico Draicchio, Francesco Falabella, Vincenzo Galeri, Silvia Gimigliano, Francesca Grigioni, Mauro Mazzoleni, Stefano Mazzon, Stefano Molteni, Franco Petrarca, Maurizio Picelli, Alessandro Gandolfi, Marialuisa Posteraro, Federico Senatore, Michele Turchetti, Giuseppe Straudi, Sofia |
author_sort | Morone, Giovanni |
collection | PubMed |
description | The upper extremities limitation represents one of the essential functional impairments in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Electromechanics assisted devices and robots are increasingly used in neurorehabilitation to help functional improvement in patients with neurological diseases. This review aimed to systematically report the evidence-based, state-of-art on clinical applications and robotic-assisted arm training (RAT) in motor and functional recovery in subjects affected by cervical spinal cord injury. The present study has been carried out within the framework of the Italian Consensus Conference on “Rehabilitation assisted by robotic and electromechanical devices for persons with disability of neurological origin” (CICERONE). PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases were systematically searched from inception to September 2021. The 10-item PEDro scale assessed the study quality for the RCT and the AMSTAR-2 for the systematic review. Two different authors rated the studies included in this review. If consensus was not achieved after discussion, a third reviewer was interrogated. The five-item Oxford CEBM scale was used to rate the level of evidence. A total of 11 studies were included. The selected studies were: two systematic reviews, two RCTs, one parallel-group controlled trial, one longitudinal intervention study and five case series. One RCT was scored as a high-quality study, while the systematic review was of low quality. RAT was reported as feasible and safe. Initial positive effects of RAT were found for arm function and quality of movement in addition to conventional therapy. The high clinical heterogeneity of treatment programs and the variety of robot devices could severely affect the generalizability of the study results. Therefore, future studies are warranted to standardize the type of intervention and evaluate the role of robotic-assisted training in subjects affected by cervical spinal cord injury. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8699455 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86994552021-12-24 Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review Morone, Giovanni de Sire, Alessandro Martino Cinnera, Alex Paci, Matteo Perrero, Luca Invernizzi, Marco Lippi, Lorenzo Agostini, Michela Aprile, Irene Casanova, Emanuela Marino, Dario La Rosa, Giuseppe Bressi, Federica Sterzi, Silvia Giansanti, Daniele Battistini, Alberto Miccinilli, Sandra Filoni, Serena Sicari, Monica Petrozzino, Salvatore Solaro, Claudio Marcello Gargano, Stefano Benanti, Paolo Boldrini, Paolo Bonaiuti, Donatella Castelli, Enrico Draicchio, Francesco Falabella, Vincenzo Galeri, Silvia Gimigliano, Francesca Grigioni, Mauro Mazzoleni, Stefano Mazzon, Stefano Molteni, Franco Petrarca, Maurizio Picelli, Alessandro Gandolfi, Marialuisa Posteraro, Federico Senatore, Michele Turchetti, Giuseppe Straudi, Sofia Brain Sci Systematic Review The upper extremities limitation represents one of the essential functional impairments in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Electromechanics assisted devices and robots are increasingly used in neurorehabilitation to help functional improvement in patients with neurological diseases. This review aimed to systematically report the evidence-based, state-of-art on clinical applications and robotic-assisted arm training (RAT) in motor and functional recovery in subjects affected by cervical spinal cord injury. The present study has been carried out within the framework of the Italian Consensus Conference on “Rehabilitation assisted by robotic and electromechanical devices for persons with disability of neurological origin” (CICERONE). PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases were systematically searched from inception to September 2021. The 10-item PEDro scale assessed the study quality for the RCT and the AMSTAR-2 for the systematic review. Two different authors rated the studies included in this review. If consensus was not achieved after discussion, a third reviewer was interrogated. The five-item Oxford CEBM scale was used to rate the level of evidence. A total of 11 studies were included. The selected studies were: two systematic reviews, two RCTs, one parallel-group controlled trial, one longitudinal intervention study and five case series. One RCT was scored as a high-quality study, while the systematic review was of low quality. RAT was reported as feasible and safe. Initial positive effects of RAT were found for arm function and quality of movement in addition to conventional therapy. The high clinical heterogeneity of treatment programs and the variety of robot devices could severely affect the generalizability of the study results. Therefore, future studies are warranted to standardize the type of intervention and evaluate the role of robotic-assisted training in subjects affected by cervical spinal cord injury. MDPI 2021-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8699455/ /pubmed/34942935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121630 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Morone, Giovanni de Sire, Alessandro Martino Cinnera, Alex Paci, Matteo Perrero, Luca Invernizzi, Marco Lippi, Lorenzo Agostini, Michela Aprile, Irene Casanova, Emanuela Marino, Dario La Rosa, Giuseppe Bressi, Federica Sterzi, Silvia Giansanti, Daniele Battistini, Alberto Miccinilli, Sandra Filoni, Serena Sicari, Monica Petrozzino, Salvatore Solaro, Claudio Marcello Gargano, Stefano Benanti, Paolo Boldrini, Paolo Bonaiuti, Donatella Castelli, Enrico Draicchio, Francesco Falabella, Vincenzo Galeri, Silvia Gimigliano, Francesca Grigioni, Mauro Mazzoleni, Stefano Mazzon, Stefano Molteni, Franco Petrarca, Maurizio Picelli, Alessandro Gandolfi, Marialuisa Posteraro, Federico Senatore, Michele Turchetti, Giuseppe Straudi, Sofia Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review |
title | Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review |
title_full | Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review |
title_fullStr | Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review |
title_short | Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation for Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review |
title_sort | upper limb robotic rehabilitation for patients with cervical spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8699455/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34942935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121630 |
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