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Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons

Established disease models have helped unravel the mechanistic underpinnings of pathological phenotypes in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. However, these discoveries have been limited to relatively simple cellular systems and animal models, which typicall...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Heger, Leonie M., Wise, Rachel M., Hees, J. Tabitha, Harbauer, Angelika B., Burbulla, Lena F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8699816/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943944
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123436
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author Heger, Leonie M.
Wise, Rachel M.
Hees, J. Tabitha
Harbauer, Angelika B.
Burbulla, Lena F.
author_facet Heger, Leonie M.
Wise, Rachel M.
Hees, J. Tabitha
Harbauer, Angelika B.
Burbulla, Lena F.
author_sort Heger, Leonie M.
collection PubMed
description Established disease models have helped unravel the mechanistic underpinnings of pathological phenotypes in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. However, these discoveries have been limited to relatively simple cellular systems and animal models, which typically manifest with incomplete or imperfect recapitulation of disease phenotypes. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided a powerful scientific tool for investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of both familial and sporadic PD within disease-relevant cell types and patient-specific genetic backgrounds. Overwhelming evidence supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a central feature in PD pathophysiology, and iPSC-based neuronal models have expanded our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics in the development and progression of this devastating disorder. The present review provides a comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial phenotypes reported in iPSC-derived neurons generated from PD patients’ somatic cells, with an emphasis on the role of mitochondrial respiration, morphology, and trafficking, as well as mitophagy and calcium handling in health and disease. Furthermore, we summarize the distinguishing characteristics of vulnerable midbrain dopaminergic neurons in PD and report the unique advantages and challenges of iPSC disease modeling at present, and for future mechanistic and therapeutic applications.
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spelling pubmed-86998162021-12-24 Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons Heger, Leonie M. Wise, Rachel M. Hees, J. Tabitha Harbauer, Angelika B. Burbulla, Lena F. Cells Review Established disease models have helped unravel the mechanistic underpinnings of pathological phenotypes in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. However, these discoveries have been limited to relatively simple cellular systems and animal models, which typically manifest with incomplete or imperfect recapitulation of disease phenotypes. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided a powerful scientific tool for investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of both familial and sporadic PD within disease-relevant cell types and patient-specific genetic backgrounds. Overwhelming evidence supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a central feature in PD pathophysiology, and iPSC-based neuronal models have expanded our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics in the development and progression of this devastating disorder. The present review provides a comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial phenotypes reported in iPSC-derived neurons generated from PD patients’ somatic cells, with an emphasis on the role of mitochondrial respiration, morphology, and trafficking, as well as mitophagy and calcium handling in health and disease. Furthermore, we summarize the distinguishing characteristics of vulnerable midbrain dopaminergic neurons in PD and report the unique advantages and challenges of iPSC disease modeling at present, and for future mechanistic and therapeutic applications. MDPI 2021-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8699816/ /pubmed/34943944 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123436 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Heger, Leonie M.
Wise, Rachel M.
Hees, J. Tabitha
Harbauer, Angelika B.
Burbulla, Lena F.
Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons
title Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons
title_full Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons
title_fullStr Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons
title_full_unstemmed Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons
title_short Mitochondrial Phenotypes in Parkinson’s Diseases—A Focus on Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons
title_sort mitochondrial phenotypes in parkinson’s diseases—a focus on human ipsc-derived dopaminergic neurons
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8699816/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943944
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123436
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