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State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), consisting of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), requires a forensic age determination to ascertain their causal relationship with recent events, such as trauma or medical treatment. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the cu...

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Autores principales: Di Fazio, Nicola, Delogu, Giuseppe, Ciallella, Costantino, Padovano, Martina, Spadazzi, Federica, Frati, Paola, Fineschi, Vittorio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122397
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author Di Fazio, Nicola
Delogu, Giuseppe
Ciallella, Costantino
Padovano, Martina
Spadazzi, Federica
Frati, Paola
Fineschi, Vittorio
author_facet Di Fazio, Nicola
Delogu, Giuseppe
Ciallella, Costantino
Padovano, Martina
Spadazzi, Federica
Frati, Paola
Fineschi, Vittorio
author_sort Di Fazio, Nicola
collection PubMed
description Venous thromboembolism (VTE), consisting of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), requires a forensic age determination to ascertain their causal relationship with recent events, such as trauma or medical treatment. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the current state-of-the-art immunohistochemical methods for age determination of fatal VTE. A literature search was performed through different databases, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Within the study, we have selected only cases represented by deceased patients for DVT and/or PTE in which thromboembolic material was collected during an autoptic examination and then subjected to a histological and an immunohistochemical investigation. Studies based on animal models were not included. We assessed bias risk. A database-based search produced a total of 19 articles. After excluding duplicate items from the selection, 14 articles were reviewed. Ten articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results have pointed out 4 studies that were included in the present analysis for a total of 157 samples of DVT and 171 PTE samples. These were analyzed using traditional histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The results must be interpreted with a critical eye because of their heterogeneity in terms of time, geography, and study design. The present review highlights the importance of associating specific immunohistochemical markers with a histological analysis for the timing of DVT/PTE fatal events. Further future experiences will hopefully endorse actual knowledge on the subject to increase the accuracy in the assessment of thrombus-embolus age.
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spelling pubmed-87001472021-12-24 State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review Di Fazio, Nicola Delogu, Giuseppe Ciallella, Costantino Padovano, Martina Spadazzi, Federica Frati, Paola Fineschi, Vittorio Diagnostics (Basel) Systematic Review Venous thromboembolism (VTE), consisting of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), requires a forensic age determination to ascertain their causal relationship with recent events, such as trauma or medical treatment. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the current state-of-the-art immunohistochemical methods for age determination of fatal VTE. A literature search was performed through different databases, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Within the study, we have selected only cases represented by deceased patients for DVT and/or PTE in which thromboembolic material was collected during an autoptic examination and then subjected to a histological and an immunohistochemical investigation. Studies based on animal models were not included. We assessed bias risk. A database-based search produced a total of 19 articles. After excluding duplicate items from the selection, 14 articles were reviewed. Ten articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results have pointed out 4 studies that were included in the present analysis for a total of 157 samples of DVT and 171 PTE samples. These were analyzed using traditional histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The results must be interpreted with a critical eye because of their heterogeneity in terms of time, geography, and study design. The present review highlights the importance of associating specific immunohistochemical markers with a histological analysis for the timing of DVT/PTE fatal events. Further future experiences will hopefully endorse actual knowledge on the subject to increase the accuracy in the assessment of thrombus-embolus age. MDPI 2021-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8700147/ /pubmed/34943633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122397 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Di Fazio, Nicola
Delogu, Giuseppe
Ciallella, Costantino
Padovano, Martina
Spadazzi, Federica
Frati, Paola
Fineschi, Vittorio
State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review
title State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review
title_full State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review
title_short State-of-Art in the Age Determination of Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review
title_sort state-of-art in the age determination of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34943633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122397
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