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Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model

Background/Aim: Nowadays, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have demonstrated remarkable progress in image-recognition tasks and could be useful for the new concept of precision medicine in order to help physicians in the choice of therapeutic strategies for brain tumours. Previous data suggest that,...

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Autores principales: Russo, Giorgio, Stefano, Alessandro, Alongi, Pierpaolo, Comelli, Albert, Catalfamo, Barbara, Mantarro, Cristina, Longo, Costanza, Altieri, Roberto, Certo, Francesco, Cosentino, Sebastiano, Sabini, Maria Gabriella, Richiusa, Selene, Barbagallo, Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo, Ippolito, Massimo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28060444
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author Russo, Giorgio
Stefano, Alessandro
Alongi, Pierpaolo
Comelli, Albert
Catalfamo, Barbara
Mantarro, Cristina
Longo, Costanza
Altieri, Roberto
Certo, Francesco
Cosentino, Sebastiano
Sabini, Maria Gabriella
Richiusa, Selene
Barbagallo, Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo
Ippolito, Massimo
author_facet Russo, Giorgio
Stefano, Alessandro
Alongi, Pierpaolo
Comelli, Albert
Catalfamo, Barbara
Mantarro, Cristina
Longo, Costanza
Altieri, Roberto
Certo, Francesco
Cosentino, Sebastiano
Sabini, Maria Gabriella
Richiusa, Selene
Barbagallo, Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo
Ippolito, Massimo
author_sort Russo, Giorgio
collection PubMed
description Background/Aim: Nowadays, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have demonstrated remarkable progress in image-recognition tasks and could be useful for the new concept of precision medicine in order to help physicians in the choice of therapeutic strategies for brain tumours. Previous data suggest that, in the central nervous system (CNS) tumours, amino acid PET may more accurately demarcate the active disease than paramagnetic enhanced MRI, which is currently the standard method of evaluation in brain tumours and helps in the assessment of disease grading, as a fundamental basis for proper clinical patient management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of ML on 11[C]-MET PET/CT scan images and to propose a radiomics workflow using a machine-learning method to create a predictive model capable of discriminating between low-grade and high-grade CNS tumours. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, fifty-six patients affected by a primary brain tumour who underwent 11[C]-MET PET/CT were selected from January 2016 to December 2019. Pathological examination was available in all patients to confirm the diagnosis and grading of disease. PET/CT acquisition was performed after 10 min from the administration of 11C-Methionine (401–610 MBq) for a time acquisition of 15 min. 11[C]-MET PET/CT images were acquired using two scanners (24 patients on a Siemens scan and 32 patients on a GE scan). Then, LIFEx software was used to delineate brain tumours using two different semi-automatic and user-independent segmentation approaches and to extract 44 radiomics features for each segmentation. A novel mixed descriptive-inferential sequential approach was used to identify a subset of relevant features that correlate with the grading of disease confirmed by pathological examination and clinical outcome. Finally, a machine learning model based on discriminant analysis was used in the evaluation of grading prediction (low grade CNS vs. high-grade CNS) of 11[C]-MET PET/CT. Results: The proposed machine learning model based on (i) two semi-automatic and user-independent segmentation processes, (ii) an innovative feature selection and reduction process, and (iii) the discriminant analysis, showed good performance in the prediction of tumour grade when the volumetric segmentation was used for feature extraction. In this case, the proposed model obtained an accuracy of ~85% (AUC ~79%) in the subgroup of patients who underwent Siemens tomography scans, of 80.51% (AUC 65.73%) in patients who underwent GE tomography scans, and of 70.31% (AUC 64.13%) in the whole patients’ dataset (Siemens and GE scans). Conclusions: This preliminary study on the use of an ML model demonstrated to be feasible and able to select radiomics features of 11[C]-MET PET with potential value in prediction of grading of disease. Further studies are needed to improve radiomics algorithms to personalize predictive and prognostic models and potentially support the medical decision process.
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spelling pubmed-87002492021-12-24 Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model Russo, Giorgio Stefano, Alessandro Alongi, Pierpaolo Comelli, Albert Catalfamo, Barbara Mantarro, Cristina Longo, Costanza Altieri, Roberto Certo, Francesco Cosentino, Sebastiano Sabini, Maria Gabriella Richiusa, Selene Barbagallo, Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo Ippolito, Massimo Curr Oncol Brief Report Background/Aim: Nowadays, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have demonstrated remarkable progress in image-recognition tasks and could be useful for the new concept of precision medicine in order to help physicians in the choice of therapeutic strategies for brain tumours. Previous data suggest that, in the central nervous system (CNS) tumours, amino acid PET may more accurately demarcate the active disease than paramagnetic enhanced MRI, which is currently the standard method of evaluation in brain tumours and helps in the assessment of disease grading, as a fundamental basis for proper clinical patient management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of ML on 11[C]-MET PET/CT scan images and to propose a radiomics workflow using a machine-learning method to create a predictive model capable of discriminating between low-grade and high-grade CNS tumours. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, fifty-six patients affected by a primary brain tumour who underwent 11[C]-MET PET/CT were selected from January 2016 to December 2019. Pathological examination was available in all patients to confirm the diagnosis and grading of disease. PET/CT acquisition was performed after 10 min from the administration of 11C-Methionine (401–610 MBq) for a time acquisition of 15 min. 11[C]-MET PET/CT images were acquired using two scanners (24 patients on a Siemens scan and 32 patients on a GE scan). Then, LIFEx software was used to delineate brain tumours using two different semi-automatic and user-independent segmentation approaches and to extract 44 radiomics features for each segmentation. A novel mixed descriptive-inferential sequential approach was used to identify a subset of relevant features that correlate with the grading of disease confirmed by pathological examination and clinical outcome. Finally, a machine learning model based on discriminant analysis was used in the evaluation of grading prediction (low grade CNS vs. high-grade CNS) of 11[C]-MET PET/CT. Results: The proposed machine learning model based on (i) two semi-automatic and user-independent segmentation processes, (ii) an innovative feature selection and reduction process, and (iii) the discriminant analysis, showed good performance in the prediction of tumour grade when the volumetric segmentation was used for feature extraction. In this case, the proposed model obtained an accuracy of ~85% (AUC ~79%) in the subgroup of patients who underwent Siemens tomography scans, of 80.51% (AUC 65.73%) in patients who underwent GE tomography scans, and of 70.31% (AUC 64.13%) in the whole patients’ dataset (Siemens and GE scans). Conclusions: This preliminary study on the use of an ML model demonstrated to be feasible and able to select radiomics features of 11[C]-MET PET with potential value in prediction of grading of disease. Further studies are needed to improve radiomics algorithms to personalize predictive and prognostic models and potentially support the medical decision process. MDPI 2021-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8700249/ /pubmed/34940083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28060444 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
Russo, Giorgio
Stefano, Alessandro
Alongi, Pierpaolo
Comelli, Albert
Catalfamo, Barbara
Mantarro, Cristina
Longo, Costanza
Altieri, Roberto
Certo, Francesco
Cosentino, Sebastiano
Sabini, Maria Gabriella
Richiusa, Selene
Barbagallo, Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo
Ippolito, Massimo
Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model
title Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model
title_full Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model
title_fullStr Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model
title_full_unstemmed Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model
title_short Feasibility on the Use of Radiomics Features of 11[C]-MET PET/CT in Central Nervous System Tumours: Preliminary Results on Potential Grading Discrimination Using a Machine Learning Model
title_sort feasibility on the use of radiomics features of 11[c]-met pet/ct in central nervous system tumours: preliminary results on potential grading discrimination using a machine learning model
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28060444
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